AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
Kathleen Daly Criminal Procedure and the Racial Profiling Issue for Professor Gates and Sergeant Crowley 51 Washington and Lee Law Review 431 (Spring, 1994) For close to a decade I have been engaged in research on the ways that gender and race structure the sentencing process in the New Haven felony court. In the early phase of the research, I was particularly interested in how gender structured the court's response to those accused. In time, that question evolved to one that asked how the court's; Search Snippet: ...and Criminal Justice CRIMINAL LAW AND JUSTICE SYSTEM PRACTICES AS RACIST, WHITE, AND RACIALIZED Kathleen Daly [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994 by... 1994
Jeffrey G. Hamilton Defendants May Ask Jury Panel about Racial Bias, Maryland Court Says 43 Emory Law Journal 1519 (Fall 1994) I. Introduction. 1520 II. The History of Racial and Political Gerrymandering and the Supreme Court. 1521 A.Political Gerrymandering and the Supreme Court. 1521 B.Racial Gerrymandering and the Supreme Court. 1525 III. The Turning Point for the Supreme Court: Davis and Shaw. 1531 A.Davis v. Bandemer. 1531 B.Shaw v. Reno. 1535 IV. Racial and Political; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal Fall 1994 Comment DEEPER INTO THE POLITICAL THICKET: RACIAL AND POLITICAL GERRYMANDERING AND THE SUPREME COURT Jeffrey G. Hamilton... 1994
Bryan A. Stevenson , Ruth E. Friedman Demanding Diversity 51 Washington and Lee Law Review 509 (Spring, 1994) On April 22, 1987, a majority of the United States Supreme Court announced a startling and deeply disturbing opinion about race and the administration of criminal justice in the United States. Presented with overwhelming statistical evidence of racial bias in Georgia's use of the death penalty, the Court ruled in McCleskey v. Kemp that race-based; Search Snippet: ...Race and Criminal Justice Essay DELIBERATE INDIFFERENCE: JUDICIAL TOLERANCE OF RACIAL BIAS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Bryan A. Stevenson [FNa1] Ruth E... 1994
Claudius H. Pritchard, V Election Law--voting Rights Act--fourth Circuit Strikes down Provisions of Election Law Enacted with Racially Discriminatory Intent.--north Carolina State Conference of the Naacp V. Mccrory, 831 F.3d 204 (4th Cir. 2016) 23 Stetson Law Review 554 (Spring, 1994) At-large elections for county commissioners, which dilute voting power of minority voting blocs, violate section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, 42 U.S.C. § 1973. Id. at 1488. Courts will grant relief to claimants who establish the existence of racially polarized voting and successfully meet the three-prong test advanced in Thornburg v; Search Snippet: ...for County Commissioners Unlawful where Plaintiffs Establish the Existence of Racially-Polarized Voting and Satisfy the Gingles Test Meek v. Metropolitan... 1994
David Aaron DeSoto Engaging Racial and Ethnic Groups in the Regulation of Research: Lessons from Research in Emergency Settings 1 Hispanic Law Journal 77 (1994) C1-4TABLE OF CONTENTS L1-4 I. L2-3,T3Introduction 77. L1-4 II. L2-3,T3The European-based Education System and its Discontents 78. L1-4 III. L2-3,T3The Minority Society's Social See-saw: The Current Movement (Forwards and Backwards) Toward an Equal Education 81. A. Immersion and Segregation. 82 B. Multiculturalism and the End of Empire. 84 L1-4 IV; Search Snippet: ...Law Journal 1994 Note ENDING THE CONQUEST WON THROUGH INSTITUTIONALIZED RACISM IN OUR SCHOOLS: MULTICULTURAL CURRICULA AND THE RIGHT TO AN... 1994
Patrick C. Mcginley Environmental Injustice/Racism in Flint, Michigan: an Analysis of the Bodily Integrity Claim in Mays V. Snyder as Compared to Other Environmental Justice Cases 96 West Virginia Law Review 1017 (Summer 1994) Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. --Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. --John Muir After; Search Snippet: ...Review Summer 1994 Essays on Environmental Justice ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE AND RACISM: MAKING THE CONNECTION IN CLASSROOMS AND COURTROOMS Patrick C. Mcginley... 1994
Marc R. Poirier Environmental Justice: Racial Gerrymandering for Environmental Siting Decisions 96 West Virginia Law Review 1083 (Summer 1994) I. Introduction. 1083 II. The Historical Question. 1084 III. The Contemporary Question. 1096 IV. The Political Question. 1100 V. Conclusion. 1106; Search Snippet: ...Law Review Summer 1994 Essay on Environmental Justice ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE/ RACISM/EQUITY: CAN WE TALK? Marc R. Poirier [FNa] Copyright ©... 1994
Robert D. Bullard Environmental Racism Claims Brought under Title Vi of the Civil Rights Act 96 West Virginia Law Review 1037 (Summer 1994) It is a new experience speaking to lawyers about environmental justice, environmental racism, and the impact on unequal protection. Environmental racism did not fall out of the sky in 1990. It has been around from the very beginning. First, I would like to give a working definition of environmental racism. Environmental racism refers to any policy,; Search Snippet: ...Virginia Law Review Summer 1994 Essays on Environmental Justice ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM AND INVISIBLE' COMMUNITIES Dr. Robert D. Bullard [FNa] Copyright ©... 1994
James T. O'Reilly Environmental Racism: How Governments Are Systematically Poisoning Indigenous Communities & the U.n.'s Role 11 Yale Journal on Regulation 43 (Winter, 1994) In the last two decades, manufacturers have moved away from the inner city, taking valuable job opportunities and leaving behind environmentally hazardous sites. These sites are expensive to clean up when abandoned, and the lenders may be held liable as a last resort. This situation has created a large disincentive for remediating these sites,; Search Snippet: ...JOURNAL ON REGULATION Yale Journal on Regulation Winter, 1994 ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM, SITE CLEANUP AND INNER-CITY JOBS: INDIANA'S URBAN IN-FILL... 1994
Donna Gareis-Smith Environmental Racism: the Pibby Principle 13 Temple Environmental Law and Technology Journal 57 (Spring 1994) Environmental race discrimination, also referred to as environmental racism, is the disproportionate imposition of environmental hazards on minorities. This perceived problem has been a growing concern for grassroots community, environmental and church groups for almost two decades under the banner of environmental justice. The environmental; Search Snippet: ...Temple Environmental Law and Technology Journal Spring 1994 Comment ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: THE FAILURE OF EQUAL PROTECTION TO PROVIDE A JUDICIAL REMEDY... 1994
Dennis D. Dorin Farm Workers and the Fair Labor Standards Act: Racial Discrimination in the New Deal 45 Mercer Law Review 1035 (Spring, 1994) Are you scared? Of what? How about the gas chamber? Naw, Jake, that's why I got you. I don't plan to go to no gas chamber. I saw you get Lester off, now just get me off. You can do it, Jake. It's not quite that easy, Carl Lee. Say what? You just don't shoot a person, or persons, in cold blood, and then tell the jury they needed; Search Snippet: ...Powers of the Federal Courts FAR RIGHT OF THE MAINSTREAM: RACISM, RIGHTS, AND REMEDIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF JUSTICE ANTONIN SCALIA'S... 1994
Daniel L. Skoler Fighting Racism in the Twenty-first Century 21-WTR Human Rights 18 (Winter, 1994) The release of two blockbuster studies challenged traditional notions of bias-free delivery of justice at the Social Security Administration's Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) and led the agency to examine the sensitive subjects of how administrative law judges respond to race, ethnicity, and gender as they render decisions on social security... 1994
Donna M. Gitter Friday Night 'Lite': How De-Racialization in the Motion Picture Friday Night Lights Disserves the Movement to Eradicate Racial Discrimination from American Sport 15 Comparative Labor Law Journal 488 (Summer, 1994) Le dæesir du privilege et le goCut de l'æegalitæe sont les deux passions dominantes des Fran(cais. -- Charles de Gaulle The desire for privilege and the taste for equality are the two dominant passions among the French. -- Charles de Gaulle The notion of equality amongst all individuals undergirds political and legal theory in both France and the; Search Snippet: ...Comparative Labor Law Journal Summer, 1994 Comment FRENCH CRIMINALIZATION OF RACIAL EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION COMPARED TO THE IMPOSITION OF CIVIL PENALTIES IN... 1994
Laura A. Donner Gender Diversity on Corporate Boards: How Racial Politics Impedes Progress in the United States 24 California Western International Law Journal 241 (Spring 1994) The United Nations Charter contains general prohibitions against discrimination on the basis of both sex and race, with a directive for equality of all people. Although the Charter does not distinguish between sex and race, the international community has accorded these classifications different priorities. Racial discrimination has long been... 1994
Alan E. Brownstein Hate Speech and the Language of Racism in Latin America: a Lens for Reconsidering Global Hate Speech Restrictions and Legislation Models 3 William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 179 (Summer, 1994) Determining the constitutionality of campus regulations that restrict the expression of hate speech is a particularly difficult undertaking because the form and content of what may be reasonably regarded as hate speech, and the circumstances in which hate speech may occur, vary significantly. Yet all of these conditions must be defined with some; Search Snippet: ...SPEECH AND HARASSMENT: THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF CAMPUS CODES THAT PROHIBIT RACIAL INSULTS Alan E. Brownstein [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994 by the... 1994
Eric Neisser Hate Speech in the New South Africa: Constitutional Considerations for a Land Recovering from Decades of Racial Repression and Violence 5 Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal 103 (Fall, 1994) This Article touches on a most difficult and sensitive topic racially-biased invective or hate speech. The subject is controversial in any setting because of the perceived conflict between two fundamental, democratic values achieving racial equality and preserving freedom of expression. My own effort is complicated by the fact that I am a white... 1994
Eric Neisser Hate Thy Neighbor: Violent Racial Exclusion and the Persistence of Segregation 3 Journal of International Law and Practice 335 (1994) This essay touches on a most difficult and sensitive topic racially-biased invective or hate speech. The subject is controversial in any setting because it is often seen as reflecting a conflict between two fundamental values-insuring racial equality and maintaining freedom of expression. But my effort is complicated by the fact that I am a white... 1994
Michael Ross Is There a Current Incarceration Crisis in the Black Community? An Analysis of the Link Between Confinement, Capital, and Racism in the United States 21-SUM Human Rights 32 (Summer, 1994) [The] evidence shows that there is a better than even chance in Georgia that race will influence the decision to impose the death penalty: a majority of defendants in white-victim crimes would not have been sentenced to die if their victims had been black. Surprisingly, those words were written by former U.S. Supreme Court Justice William Brennan; Search Snippet: ...HUMAN RIGHTS Human Rights Summer, 1994 IS THE DEATH PENALTY RACIST? Michael Ross [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994 by the American Bar... 1994
Stephanie Domitrovich Just a Little Bit of History Repeating: the California Model of Marijuana Legalization and How it Might Affect Racial and Ethnic Minorities 33 Duquesne Law Review 39 (Fall 1994) Jurors read, analyze and interpret trial evidence and testimony through the language of their life experiences, knowledge and perception of cases. Jurors hear and see various versions of stories in the courtroom from witnesses, litigants and lawyers. These jurors, while maintaining their individuality, together engage in the language of the; Search Snippet: ...1994 JURY SOURCE LISTS AND THE COMMUNITY'S NEED TO ACHIEVE RACIAL BALANCE ON THE JURY Stephanie Domitrovich [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994... 1994
Charles J. Ogletree Just Schools: the Idea of Racial Equality in American Education. By David L. Kirp. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1982. Pp. Xiii, 374. $19.95. 31 American Criminal Law Review 1099 (Summer, 1994) Frederick Douglass was a remarkable person who overcame the vestiges of slavery to become one of the most articulate and influential spokespersons in African-American history. In the early 19th century, Frederick Douglass poetically criticized the plight of African-Americans in the criminal justice system. Douglass lamented, [j]ustice is often; Search Snippet: ...Summer, 1994 Symposium JUST SAY NO!: A PROPOSAL TO ELIMINATE RACIALLY DISCRIMINATORY USES OF PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES Professor Charles J. Ogletree [FNa1... 1994
Penda D. Hair Justice for All: the Sixth Amendment Mandates Purging All Racial Prejudice from the Black Box 104 Yale Law Journal 7 (October, 1994) Justice Blackmun is so well known for his pioneering work in support of a woman's right to choose an abortion that his other monumental contributions to the law seem to get lost. The struggle for racial justice is one area where Justice Blackmun's decisions have made a crucial, lasting impact. Justice Blackmun has written more than thirty opinions; Search Snippet: ...JOURNAL Yale Law Journal October, 1994 Tribute JUSTICE BLACKMUN AND RACIAL JUSTICE Penda D. Hair [FNd1] Copyright (c) 1994 by The... 1994
Sean M. Scott Justice Thomas, Brown, and Post-Racial Determinism 62 UMKC Law Review 651 (Summer, 1994) On October 27, 1994, the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that it is unlawful for a university to maintain a separate scholarship program for African-American students. One of the defendants, William Kirwan, president of the University of Maryland, plans to appeal. Podberesky v. Kirwan, No. 93-2527, 1994 WL 587092 (4th Cir; Search Snippet: ...1994 JUSTICE REDEFINED: MINORITY-TARGETED SCHOLARSHIPS AND THE STRUGGLE AGAINST RACIAL OPPRESSION Sean M. Scott [FNa1] Copyright (c) 1994 by the... 1994
L. Anita Richardson Misuse of the Law School Admissions Test, Racial Discrimination, and the De Facto Quota System for Restricting African-american Access to the Legal Profession 1994-95 Preview of United States Supreme Court Cases 165 (December 22, 1994) For more than 15 years, a federal district judge has presided over the desegregation of the Kansas City, Missouri, public schools. During this time, the judge has ordered Missouri and the local district to improve facilities, implement specific programs, and increase salaries. The State has paid a substantial portion of the cost of these mandates; Search Snippet: ...When Can It Be Said that the Ills of Past Racial Segregation Have Been Cured? by L. Anita Richardson a Copyright 1994... 1994
Mariæa Ramirez Fisher On Thin Ice: Cracking down on the Racial Profiling of Immigrants and Implementing a Compassionate Enforcement Policy 5 Villanova Environmental Law Journal 449 (1994) We're not saying to take the incinerators and the toxic-waste dumps out of our communities and put them in white communities -- we're saying they should not be in anybody's community. . . . You can't get justice by doing an injustice on somebody else. When you have lived through suffering and hardship, you want to remove them, not only from your... 1994
Florence T. Robinson Partnering to Overcome Racism on the Road to Economic Empowerment 96 West Virginia Law Review 441 (Winter, 1993-1994) The small community of Alsen provides an excellent example of how environmental racism can affect an area. However, before I discuss Alsen and its many problems, I feel it is important to first, briefly explain what environmental racism means to me, and second, distinguish environmental racism from environmental injustice. Environmental racism is a... 1994
Jonathan K. Stubbs Peremptory Challenge by Blind Questionnaire: the Most Practical Solution for Ending the Problem of Racial and Gender Discrimination in Kansas Courts While Preserving the Necessary Function of the Peremptory Challenge 45 Mercer Law Review 773 (Winter, 1994) A moment of critical reflection seems appropriate. We are nearly half way through the last decade of the last century of this millenium. The Cold War has abated (at least temporarily) and the United States remains a world leader in human rights protections. Eastern European countries and the former Soviet Republics are taking fledgling steps toward; Search Snippet: ...LAW REVIEW Mercer Law Review Winter, 1994 PERCEPTUAL PRISMS AND RACIAL REALISM: THE GOOD NEWS ABOUT A BAD SITUATION Jonathan K... 1994
Daniel W. Van Ness Preserving a Racial Hierarchy: a Legal Analysis of the Disparate Racial Impact of Legacy Preferences in University Admissions 28 John Marshall Law Review Rev. 1 (Fall 1994) What is the role of the jury in a criminal trial? Does it protect the individual defendant from arbitrary action by the sovereign? Does it add lay experience and insight to a formalistic and technical legal process? Or does it assert and protect the interests of the general community in a legal dispute in which the official parties are the... 1994
Rhona J. Kisch Quasi-colonial Bodies: an Analysis of the Reproductive Lives of Poor Black and Racially Subjugated Women 24 Environmental Law 1171 (July 1, 1994) It's clear that low-income and minority communities have been asked to bear a disproportionate burden of this country's industrial lifestyle. . . . They're angry and rightfully so. To solve this, we have got to incorporate environmental justice concerns into everything we do. Declaring an end to environmental racism is an integral part of the; Search Snippet: ...ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Environmental Law July 1994 Book Review PUTTING ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM ON THE NATIONAL AGENDA? A REVIEW OF RACE AND THE... 1994
Jody D. Armour Race Ipsa: Vote Dilution, Racial Gerrymandering, and the Presumption of Racial Discrimination 46 Stanford Law Review 781 (April, 1994) In this article, Professor Armour explores some of the legal implications of the disturbing notion that, given the perception that blacks are more prone to commit violent acts than nonblacks, it is rational for criminal defendants claiming self-defense to consider race in assessing the risk of violence posed by a supposed assailant. Professor; Search Snippet: ...Stanford Law Review April, 1994 RACE IPSA LOQUITUR: OF REASONABLE RACISTS, INTELLIGENT BAYESIANS, AND INVOLUNTARY NEGROPHOBES Jody D. Armour [FNa1] Copyright... 1994
Myriam Zreczny Races at the Gate: a Century of Racial Distinctions in American Immigration Policy (1865-1965) 69 Chicago-Kent Law Review 1121 (1994) In the world of child placement, racial classifications are widespread. While outright prohibition of transracial placement will not pass constitutional muster, the use of race as a factor in determining the best interest of the child is frequent, endorsed, and sometimes even mandated by adoption agencies, statutes, and courts. Where equal; Search Snippet: ...Note RACE-CONSCIOUS CHILD PLACEMENT: DEVIATING FROM A POLICY AGAINST RACIAL CLASSIFICATIONS Myriam Zreczny [FNa] Copyright (c) 1994 IIT Chicago-Kent... 1994
Paul B. Fischer Racial and Sex Disparities in Prison Sentences: the Effect of District-level Judicial Demographics 1 Georgetown Journal on Fighting Poverty 384 (1994) The 1992 Los Angeles riots reminded us once again of the destructive consequences of the severe class and racial isolation that characterizes metropolitan America. Most low-income blacks and Hispanics are confined to inner-city neighborhoods with declining job opportunities and fiscally starved public services, while higher income groups flee to; Search Snippet: ...ON FIGHTING POVERTY Georgetown Journal on Fighting Poverty 1994 Feature RACIAL AND LOCATIONAL PATTERNS OF SUBSIDIZED HOUSING IN THE CHICAGO SUBURBS... 1994
  Racial Fairness in the Criminal Justice System: the Role of the Prosecutor 30-DEC Tennessee Bar Journal B.J. 6 (November/December, 1994) Some names of members of the Commission on Racial and Ethnic Fairness were inadvertently left out of a story in the last issue of the Tennessee Bar Journal. The commission was formed by an order filed Sept. 27 by the Tennessee Supreme Court. The full commission is: Joseph Armstrong, Arthur T. Bennett, Mark A. Brown, Stephanie Green Cole, Scott; Search Snippet: ...1994 News & Information Part of List Omitted From Last Issue RACIAL FAIRNESS COMMISSION GETS UNFAIR TREATMENT Copyright (c) 1994 by the... 1994
Davidson M. Pattiz Racial Preferences in Admissions: Myths, Harms, and Alternatives 82 Georgetown Law Journal 2571 (September, 1994) During the late 1960s a surprising phenomenon took place across the nation: white families interested in adoption were adopting black babies. Although the incidence of transracial adoption (TRA) was never overwhelming, the number of such placements tripled between 1968 and 1971, ultimately peaking at 2,540 in 1971. Then, in April 1972, a dramatic; Search Snippet: ...772735 GEORGETOWN LAW JOURNAL Georgetown Law Journal September, 1994 Note RACIAL PREFERENCE IN ADOPTION: AN EQUAL PROTECTION CHALLENGE Davidson M. Pattiz... 1994
  Racial Steering: the Real Estate Broker and Title Viii 107 Harvard Law Review 877 (February, 1994) [I]n the core of the heart of the American race problem the sex factor is rooted; rooted so deeply that it is not always recognized when it shows at the surface. Other factors are obvious and are the ones we dare to deal with; but, regardless of how we deal with these, the race situation will continue to be acute as long as the sex factor persists; Search Snippet: ...122874 HARVARD LAW REVIEW Harvard Law Review February, 1994 Note RACIAL STEERING IN THE ROMANTIC MARKETPLACE Copyright (c) 1994 by The... 1994
Rebecca Marcus Racism in Sports: a Question of Ethics 22 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 219 (Fall, 1994) L1-2Introduction 219 I. Gideon v. Wainwright and the Right to Counsel . 220 II. The Underfunding of Public Defender's Offices . 222 III. Race Statistics on Poverty and Public Defenders . 234 IV. Racism in the American Criminal Justice System . 237 V. Equal Protection Doctrine Implications . 239 VI. Race Discrimination and the Strict Scrutiny; Search Snippet: ...LAW QUARTERLY Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly Fall, 1994 Student Note RACISM IN OUR COURTS: THE UNDERFUNDING OF PUBLIC DEFENDERS AND ITS DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACT UPON RACIAL MINORITIES Rebecca Marcus [FNa] Copyright (c) 1994 Hastings College of... 1994
David L. Gregory Racism or Realpolitik? U.s. Foreign Policy and the Hiv/aids Catastrophe in Sub-saharan Africa 9 Saint John's Journal of Legal Commentary 439 (Spring, 1994) I would like to add to the good morning wishes to all of you. My name is David Gregory, and I have taught at St. John's Law School since 1982. I am the moderator of the first panel this morning, the subject being Racism or Economics. But before I proceed to those matters, I want to take the prerogative of the first moderator's position to offer a; Search Snippet: ...and Environmental Activism Speaker Introductory Remarks for the First Panel: RACISM OR ECONOMICS? David L. Gregory [FNa] Copyright (c) 1994 St... 1994
Steven H. Shiffrin Racist Speech, the First Amendment, and Public Universities: Taking a Stand on Neutrality 80 Cornell Law Review 43 (November 1, 1994) Almost thirty years ago, Harry Kalven, Jr., one of the leading legal scholars of the twentieth century, wrote a book in which he attempted to analyze the impact of changing race relations and the civil rights movement on first amendment law. In the book he observed that African Americans did not often resort to the courts to combat racist speech; Search Snippet: ...WL 814777 CORNELL LAW REVIEW Cornell Law Review November 1994 RACIST SPEECH, OUTSIDER JURISPRUDENCE, AND THE MEANING OF AMERICA Steven H... 1994
David C. Baldus , George Woodworth , Charles A. Pulaski, Jr. Reflections on the Persistence of Racial Segregation in Housing 51 Washington and Lee Law Review 359 (Spring, 1994) Recent rhetoric in the Supreme Court and Congress has given currency and legitimacy to claims that racial discrimination in the administration of the death penalty is inevitable and impossible to prevent, detect, and correct. This Article considers the plausibility of these claims, which can be viewed more profitably as testable hypotheses. We; Search Snippet: ...on Race and Criminal Justice REFLECTIONS ON THE INEVITABILITY OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN CAPITAL SENTENCING AND THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF ITS PREVENTION... 1994
  Report of the Second Circuit Task Force on Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Fairness in the Courts 73 Oregon Law Review 823 (Winter, 1994) Abbreviations used in this report: ABA American Bar Association ABE Adult Basic Education CSD Children's Services Division DRI Disproportionate Representation Index F2d Federal Reporter Second Edition FED Forcible Entry and Detainer L J Law Journal L Rev Law Review MHRC Multnomah Human Relations Commission Or Oregon Reports -- Supreme Court Or App; Search Snippet: ...Peterson REPORT OF THE OREGON SUPREME COURT TASK FORCE ON RACIAL/ETHNIC ISSUES IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM Copyright (c) 1994 University... 1994
Robert W. Collin Revisiting Racial Patents in an Era of Precision Medicine 9 Journal of Environmental Law & Litigation 121 (1994) I. Definitions of Environmental Racism, Environmental Equity, and Environmental Justice A. The Newness of Legal Literature II. Overview of United States Context of Environmental Justice A. Historical Events and Studies B. Court Cases Involving Environmental Justice C. Foundational Legal Research III. Common Themes in Legal Literature A; Search Snippet: ...Law & Litigation 1994 REVIEW OF THE LEGAL LITERATURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM, ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Robert W. Collin [FNa1] Copyright... 1994
Michael Tonry Separate but (Un)equal: Why Institutionalized Anti-Racism Is the Answer to the Never-ending Cycle of Plessy V. Ferguson 78 Judicature 118 (November-December 1994) Despite their objective to eliminate invidious racial bias, policies such as just deserts and sentencing guidelines have increased racial disparities in the American criminal justice system. Racial disparities in the criminal justice system have worsened in the past 15 years. African Americans make up larger proportions of people admitted to jails; Search Snippet: ...740538 JUDICATURE Judicature November-December 1994 Viewpoint SENTENCING REFORMS AND RACIAL DISPARITIES Michael Tonry [FNa] Copyright 1994 by the American Judicature... 1994
Jacquin D. Bierman, J.D., and Steven L. Severin, LL.M., CPA Sex, Drugs, and . . . Race-to-castrate: a Black Box Warning of Chemical Castration's Potential Racial Side Effects 80 Journal of Taxation 246 (April, 1994) Employees of Lucky Stores, Inc., sued the company pursuant to Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act (as retroactively amended in 1991), 42 U.S.C. Section 1981, and state statutes, claiming racial and sexual discrimination in job placement, promotions, and the like. The parties later entered into a consent decree with respect to the race claims,; Search Snippet: ...CPA Electronic Version Copyright 1994 Warren Gorham Lamont SETTLEMENT OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION CLAIM EXCLUDABLE. (DC) Employees of Lucky Stores, Inc., sued... 1994
A. Leon Higginbotham , Gregory A. Clarick , Marcella David Shaw V. Reno: Defining the Constitutional Parameters of Racial Reapportionment 62 Fordham Law Review 1593 (April, 1994) In this Article the authors critically examine the Supreme Court's recent decision in Shaw v. Reno, which held that a North Carolina minority-majority voting district of dramatically irregular shape is subject to strict scrutiny, absent sufficient race-neutral explanations for its boundaries. While the authors assert that such race-conscious; Search Snippet: ...SHAW V. RENO: A MIRAGE OF GOOD INTENTIONS WITH DEVASTATING RACIAL CONSEQUENCES A. Leon Higginbotham [FNa] Gregory A. Clarick [FNaa] Marcella... 1994
Cynthia Kurz Shaw V. Reno: Is Remedial Racial Gerrymandering Another Victim of the Pursuit of the Color-blind Constitution? 1994 Detroit College of Law Review 239 (Spring, 1994) In Shaw v. Reno, the United States Supreme Court addressed the constitutional propriety of state-implemented race-based legislation enacted to comply with section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Voting Rights Act). The Court addressed this issue in the context of a reapportionment scheme alleged to be so irrational that it resulted in an; Search Snippet: ...Forum Note SHAW v. RENO: DEFINING THE CONSTITUTIONAL PARAMETERS OF RACIAL REAPPORTIONMENT Cynthia Kurz Copyright (c) 1994 by The Detroit College... 1994
Knoll D. Lowney Smoking Guns: the Supreme Court's Willingness to Lower Procedural Barriers to Merits Review in Cases Involving Egregious Racial Bias in the Criminal Justice System 45 Washington University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law 121 (Winter, 1994) There comes a time when we cannot and must not close our eyes when presented with evidence that certain laws, regardless of the purpose for which they were enacted, discriminate unfairly on the basis of race, e.g., that for the murder of a white person in Georgia, a black person is more than twice as likely as a white person to be sentenced to... 1994
Hiroshi Fukurai , Edgar W. Butler South Dakota Criminal Justice: a Study of Racial Disparities 13 National Black Law Journal 238 (Fall, 1994) Historians have traced the origins of trial by jury to the fifth or sixth century B.C. Jury trials have been an integral part of the criminal justice system in the United States since the establishment of the Republic over two hundred years ago. However, along with the reverence that has been accorded to the jury, there has been substantial; Search Snippet: ...LAW JOURNAL National Black Law Journal Fall, 1994 SOURCES OF RACIAL DISENFRANCHISEMENT IN THE JURY AND JURY SELECTION SYSTEM [FNa] Hiroshi... 1994
Arline S. Tyler and Steven Montano State Responses to the Specter of Racial Discrimination in Capital Proceedings: the Kentucky Racial Justice Act and the New Jersey Supreme Court's Proportionality Review Project 78 Judicature 154 (November-December 1994) Investigative bodies have been established in 18 states to study the quality of justice accorded to racial and ethnic minorities. These task forces and commissions form the National Consortium of Task Forces and Commissions on Racial and Ethnic Bias in the Courts. As stated in its bylaws, the consortium provide[s] participating groups an; Search Snippet: ...740550 JUDICATURE Judicature November-December 1994 Focus STATE PANELS DOCUMENT RACIAL, ETHNIC BIAS IN THE COURTS Arline S. Tyler [FNa] and... 1994
Warren D. Hayes State V. Neil: Approaching the Desired Balance Between Peremptory Challenges and Racial Equality in Jury Selection 68 Tulane Law Review 713 (January, 1994) State v. Knox involves two similar criminal cases. Donald Knox, an African-American, was being tried for obscenity involving a white female victim. Romerto Jackson, also an African-American, was being tried for distribution of cocaine. In selecting the juries for their cases, both defendants exercised peremptory challenges against white prospective; Search Snippet: ...v. KNOX: THE LOUISIANA SUPREME COURT EXPANDS EQUAL PROHIBITION ON RACIALLY MOTIVATED PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES Warren D. Hayes Copyright (c) 1994 by... 1994
Joseph L. Gastwirth , Tapan K. Nayak Statistical Proof of Racial Discrimination in the Use of Peremptory Challenges: the Impact and Promise of the Miller-el Line of Cases as Reflected in the Experience of One Philadelphia Capital Case 34 Jurimetrics Journal 173 (Winter, 1994) In Brown v. Board of Education, the United States Supreme Court held the racial segregation in public school education unconstitutional. Recent litigation, including the continuation of Brown by the daughter of the original plaintiff, has concerned the compliance of school districts with court orders to desegregate. In considering whether a school; Search Snippet: ...528132 JURIMETRICS JOURNAL Jurimetrics Journal Winter, 1994 STATISTICAL MEASURES OF RACIALLY IDENTIFIED SCHOOL SYSTEMS Joseph L. Gastwirth [FNa1] Tapan K. Nayak... 1994
Wendy Hernandez The Construction of O.j. Simpson as a Racial Victim 21 Journal of College and University Law 429 (Fall, 1994) Racial incidents initiated by students were once thought to be the hallmark of the 1960s. In contrast, the 1970s and early 1980s witnessed relatively little activity regarding racial issues on campus. However, these incidents again have begun to pervade our nation's colleges and universities. In 1988 and 1989 respectively, minority students at the; Search Snippet: ...and University Law Fall, 1994 Student Note THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF RACIALLY RESTRICTIVE ORGANIZATIONS WITHIN THE UNIVERSITY SETTING Wendy Hernandez [FNa1] Copyright... 1994
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