| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year |
| Gustavo Ribeiro |
EVIDENTIARY POLICIES THROUGH OTHER MEANS: THE DISPARATE IMPACT OF "SUBSTANTIVE LAW" ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ERRORS AMONG RACIAL GROUPS |
2021 Utah Law Review 441 (2021) |
This Article develops an analytical framework to investigate novel ways in which legal reforms disguised as substantive can affect procedural due process safeguards differently among racial groups. Scholars have long recognized the impact evidence rules have on substantive policies, such as modifying primary incentives or affecting the... |
2021 |
| Andre Vitale , New Jersey Office of the Public Defender, Jersey City, New Jersey, 201-795-8949, Email andre.vitale@opd.nj.gov |
FIGHTING RACIAL BIAS BY THE POLICE THROUGH SUPPRESSION LITIGATION |
45-JUL Champion 12 (July, 2021) |
Every day, criminal defense lawyers see the negative impact of racial bias in the criminal court system. It can be seen in every decision, starting with police encounters and continuing to discrepancies in sentencing. People of color are far more likely to be stopped and arrested than white people. Police target enforcement and surveillance efforts... |
2021 |
| T. Alexander Aleinikoff |
FOREWORD TO THE REPUBLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION IN CONTEXT: THE CONTINUING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACISM |
92 University of Colorado Law Review 1315 (Special Issue 2021) |
It is disturbing--to say the least--that an article written nearly three decades ago based on an assertion of the continuing existence of racism in the United States can be seen as meriting republication, not for its historical interest but because of its current relevance. The article began with descriptions of the brutal murder of Emmet Till in... |
2021 |
| Norrinda Brown Hayat |
FREEDOM PEDAGOGY: TOWARD TEACHING ANTIRACIST CLINICS |
28 Clinical Law Review 149 (Fall, 2021) |
Like other sectors of society, legal education is undergoing a reckoning in the wake of the 2020 murder of George Floyd, demands for racial justice from the Movement for Black Lives, and related demands for abolitionism and defunding the police. Through the lens of a formal call to action issued by the Rutgers Law School faculty and the author's... |
2021 |
| Dr. Donald F. Tibbs |
FROM TIKTOK TO RACIAL VIOLENCE: ANTI-BLACKNESS IN THE GENDERED SPHERE |
33 Saint Thomas Law Review 198 (Spring, 2021) |
The impact of Covid-19 on racial and social consciousness during 2020 was significant. While much of the world was in social incapacitation, we passed the time by tuning into our televisions and social devices. The local and national news told stories of the rising number of deaths lost to the virus. Particularly hard hit by the virus were people... |
2021 |
| Amber Joy Powell , Michelle S. Phelps |
GENDERED RACIAL VULNERABILITY: HOW WOMEN CONFRONT CRIME AND CRIMINALIZATION |
55 Law and Society Review 429 (September, 2021) |
Prior research illustrates how race-class subjugated communities are over-policed and under-protected, producing high rates of victimization by other community members and the police. Yet few studies explore how gender and race structure dual frustration, despite a long line of Black feminist scholarship on the interpersonal, gender-based, and... |
2021 |
| Gabrielle Kolencik |
HARMONY BETWEEN MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT: REVIEWING THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION'S CHANGES TO THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT IN THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM |
9 Joule: Duquesne Energy & Environmental Law Journal 1 (Spring, 2021) |
In 1970, Congress passed, with strong bipartisan support, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for the purpose of requiring federal agencies to engage in efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man. For over fifty years, NEPA had propelled towards the... |
2021 |
| Todd Anthony Walker |
HEALING RACISM'S WOUNDS: ON RACIAL RECKONING & OBAMA'S "A PROMISED LAND" |
6 Columbia Human Rights Law Review Online 34 (November 11, 2021) |
Legal controversies surrounding race and racism have persisted in America from its inception, but not without intervention. Supreme Court decisions in Dred Scott, Plessy and Brown trace the Court's jurisprudential evolution while, legislatively, the passage of the post-civil rights Amendments, and, more recently, The Civil Rights Act of 1964,... |
2021 |
| Peggy Cooper Davis , Zachary Mason |
HIDDEN VOICES: REIMAGINING RACIAL VIOLENCE |
44 Harvard Journal of Law & Gender 217 (Spring, 2021) |
Searching for Stories of the Past. 217 A Leap of Invention. 221 The Story of Ella Buford. 223 Changes of Perspective. 245 |
2021 |
| Jerry Klaristenfeld |
HIGH PRESS: STAKEHOLDERS AND THE LEGAL FIGHT AGAINST RACISM IN WORLD FOOTBALL |
100 Texas Law Review 189 (November, 2021) |
Death to the Arabs. Forever Pure. War. These have been but a few of the hateful slogans cried out in Teddy Stadium by members of La Familia, Beitar Jerusalem Football Club's far-right nationalist supporters group. Racism in football is not a recent, nor regional, development. While the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)... |
2021 |
| Andrea Giampetro-Meyer |
HOW ANTIRACIST LAWYERS CAN PRODUCE POWER AND POLICY CHANGE |
24 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 237 (Spring, 2021) |
with contributions from Sydney Brooke and Janae James I. Introduction. 238 II.Antiracism and Integrated Advocacy. 240 A. Antiracism. 240 B. Integrated Advocacy. 241 III. Prohibiting Hair Discrimination. 242 A. Litigation and Legislative Advocacy. 243 B. Media Engagement, Community Organizing, and Interdisciplinary Collaborations. 247 IV. Abolishing... |
2021 |
| Martin Guggenheim |
HOW RACIAL POLITICS LED DIRECTLY TO THE ENACTMENT OF THE ADOPTION AND SAFE FAMILIES ACT OF 1997--THE WORST LAW AFFECTING FAMILIES EVER ENACTED BY CONGRESS |
11 Columbia Journal of Race and Law 711 (July, 2021) |
This Article is part of a celebration of the magnificent work of Dorothy Roberts who, more than any other scholar, has brilliantly demonstrated both the highly destructive qualities of the United States' family regulation system and its relationship to the country's legacy of slavery. The most vicious feature of the current family regulation system... |
2021 |
| Brendan W. Williams |
HUNGER GAMES: RACIAL POLITICS AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE |
43 North Carolina Central Law Review 103 (2021) |
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was established by a law signed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862, with the benign charge to diffuse among the people of the United States useful information on subjects connected with agriculture in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate, and... |
2021 |
| Karla M. McKanders |
IMMIGRATION AND RACIAL JUSTICE: ENFORCING THE BORDERS OF BLACKNESS |
37 Georgia State University Law Review 1139 (Summer, 2021) |
Black immigrants are invisible at the intersection of their race and immigration status. Until recently, conversations on border security, unlawful immigration, and national security obscured racially motivated laws seeking to halt the blackening and browning of America. This Article engages with the impact of immigration enforcement at the... |
2021 |
| Aila Hoss |
INDIANA'S INDIAN LAWS: INDIGENOUS ERASURE AND RACISM IN THE LAND OF THE INDIANS |
30-SPG Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy 184 (Spring, 2021) |
In response to a request for funding on Tribal and Indian law research, a director level position from Indiana University who reviewed a draft of the proposal stated that the author needed to clear why a team from the middle of Indiana is positioned to conduct this research and that it is her job to point out the obvious. In the author's... |
2021 |
| Susan Ayres |
INSIDE THE MASTER'S GATES: RESOURCES AND TOOLS TO DISMANTLE RACISM AND SEXISM IN HIGHER EDUCATION |
21 Journal of Law in Society 20 (Winter, 2021) |
INTRODUCTION. 21 I. DISMANTLING THE MASTER'S HOUSE: RESOURCES. 28 II. SUBSTANCE OF FIRE AND THE STORYTELLING MOVEMENT. 31 A. The Backstory. 31 B. Overview of Substance of Fire. 33 C. The Case for Storytelling. 35 III. SUBSTANCE OF FIRE: NARRATIVES AND COUNTER-STORYTELLING. 37 A. Lack of Mentors, Microaggressions. 38 B. Performing Gender, Safe... |
2021 |
| Tanya Katerí Hernández , © 2020 |
IS THERE A "MULATTO ESCAPE HATCH" OUT OF RACISM?: A REFLECTION ON MULTIRACIAL EXCEPTIONALISM DURING A TIME OF #BLACKLIVESMATTER |
34 Journal of Civil Rights & Economic Development 65 (Spring, 2021) |
A mulatto escape hatch is an escape from the disabilities of blackness for some colored people. To have a symposium organized to review the ideas in my book, Multiracials and Civil Rights: Mixed-Race Stories of Discrimination, is an honor, and the JCRED editors, along with their dynamic Faculty Advisors Elaine Chiu and Rosa Castello, have my... |
2021 |
| David A. Grenardo |
IT'S WORTH A SHOT: CAN SPORTS COMBAT RACISM IN THE UNITED STATES? |
12 Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law 237 (Spring, 2021) |
Racism has stained this country throughout its history, and racism persists today in the United States, including in sports. Sports represent a reflection of society and its ills, but they can also provide a powerful means to combat racism. This article examines the state of racism in society and sports both historically and today. It also provides... |
2021 |
| Anna Harvey, Sidak Yntiso |
JUDICIAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND RACIAL DISPARITY IN CRIMINAL APPEALS |
50 Journal of Legal Studies 261 (June, 2021) |
Existing research indicates that retention through election induces larger effects on judicial votes in criminal cases than retention through appointment. Yet such research has addressed neither case selection effects across retention institutions nor heterogeneous treatment effects by defendants' and judges' race. Leveraging the unique retention... |
2021 |
| Merideth J. Hogan , Diana Stanley |
KANSAS BAR ASSOCIATION DIVERSITY COMMITTEE'S RESPONSE TO RACIAL INJUSTICE |
90-DEC Journal of the Kansas Bar Association 42 (November/December, 2021) |
In February 2021, the Kansas Bar Association Diversity Committee proposed six initiatives to the Board of Governors. These initiatives are the collective work of many legal practitioners in our state and focus on remedying racial injustice. Happily, the Board of Governors approved the initiatives with high support. This article serves as an update... |
2021 |
| Eric J. Miller |
KNOWING YOUR PLACE: THE POLICE ROLE IN THE REPRODUCTION OF RACIAL HIERARCHY |
89 George Washington Law Review 1607 (December, 2021) |
The enforcement of criminal law by the public police is justified as enforcing civility: codes of public conduct that ensure civilians can walk down the street feeling confident about their safety and security. Civility is, however, a socially contingent phenomenon, one that often reinforces demands to acknowledge and respect some person's social... |
2021 |
| Samuel Vincent Jones |
LAW SCHOOLS, CULTURAL COMPETENCY, AND ANTI-BLACK RACISM: THE LIBERTY OF DISCRIMINATION |
21 Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy 84 (2021) |
Introduction. 84 I. Do Law Schools Have Liberty to Discriminate Against Black Law Students?. 86 A. The Black Law Student Experience. 87 B. Law Schools and the Liberty to Foster Anti-Black Racism. 90 II. Should Law Schools Require Cultural Competency Instruction as a Means to Curtail Anti-Black Racial Discrimination?. 96 A. Cultural Competency... |
2021 |
| Sama Kahook |
LEFT TO THEIR OWN DEVICES: ADDRESSING RACIAL BIASES IN THE FDA APPROVAL PROCESS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES |
30 Annals of Health Law Advance Directive 153 (Spring, 2021) |
Unconscious bias plagues the medical field and threatens the diagnosis, treatment, and physician-patient relationship between doctors and patients of color. The disparities affecting people of color in the United States include access to health care, the quality of care received, and health outcomes. Healthcare disparities are exacerbated by... |
2021 |
| Michele Goodwin |
LESSONS IN RACE AND RACISM IN THE LEGAL ACADEMY: NOTES ON PAULI MURRAY |
73 Rutgers University Law Review 913 (Spring, 2021) |
C1-3Table of Contents I. Revisiting Theories on Inequality. 915 II. Pipelines of Discrimination. 918 III. Conclusion. 921 |
2021 |
| Justice Steven David, Angka Hinshaw |
LET US TALK ABOUT RACISM |
64-JUN Res Gestae 26 (June, 2021) |
Since January 2021, hundreds of attorneys, judges, and law students have journeyed with us as we discussed racism. The featured panelists in ISBA's Open Conversations program have opened their hearts and shared intimate experiences of racism. All of the panelists are successful individuals, but you would never know the struggles they faced and... |
2021 |
| Elizabeth Kronk Warner |
LIVING IN TWO WORLDS |
73 Rutgers University Law Review 933 (Spring, 2021) |
Anti-racism calls us to work toward ending racial hatred, bias, systemic racism, and the oppression of marginalized groups. For many of us working in higher education leadership, this means that we are actively creating space for marginalized voices both in classrooms and through research. But the question of who should be included does not always... |
2021 |
| Steven T. Taylor |
MCDERMOTT PARTNER MANAGES TWO OFFICES, PRACTICES EMPLOYMENT LAW, AND ADVOCATES FOR DIVERSITY/RACIAL EQUALITY |
40 Of Counsel 24 (February, 2021) |
It didn't take the partners at Chicago-based McDermott Will & Emery long to see the talents that Pankit Doshi brings to their firm. In the two and half years he's been with the partnership, Doshi's risen to the leadership ranks, serving as the managing partner of McDermott's San Francisco and Silicon Valley offices. He advocates for diversity and... |
2021 |
| Colleen Campbell |
MEDICAL VIOLENCE, OBSTETRIC RACISM, AND THE LIMITS OF INFORMED CONSENT FOR BLACK WOMEN |
26 Michigan Journal of Race and Law 47 (Winter, 2021) |
This Essay critically examines how medicine actively engages in the reproductive subordination of Black women. In obstetrics, particularly, Black women must contend with both gender and race subordination. Early American gynecology treated Black women as expendable clinical material for its institutional needs. This medical violence was animated by... |
2021 |
| James S. Liebman , Kayla C. Butler , Ian Buksunski |
MINE THE GAP: USING RACIAL DISPARITIES TO EXPOSE AND ERADICATE RACISM |
30 Southern California Review of Law & Social Justice 1 (Winter, 2021) |
For decades, lawyers and legal scholars have disagreed over how much resource redistribution to expect from federal courts and Congress in satisfaction of the Fourteenth Amendment's promise of equal protection. Of particular importance to this debate and to the nation given its kaleidoscopic history of inequality, is the question of racial... |
2021 |
| James T. Smith |
NURTURING THE BABY BOND PROPOSAL: HOW TAX PRINCIPLES CAN CLOSE THE RACIAL WEALTH GAP IN THE UNITED STATES |
94 Temple Law Review 147 (Fall, 2021) |
[T]he problems of racial injustice and economic injustice cannot be solved without a radical redistribution of political and economic power. Every day I'm trying to play catch-up, said Kourtney McGowan--a Black mother from California who became unemployed after her company refused to accommodate her work schedule during the COVID-19 pandemic.... |
2021 |
| Emily E. Harrison |
ODOR IN THE COURT! AND IT SMELLS LIKE ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: HOW BIG PORK IS LEGALLY ABUSING POOR COMMUNITIES OF COLOR IN EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA |
11 Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy 433 (2021) |
Over 500 plaintiffs across eastern North Carolina have filed twenty-six separate lawsuits against Murphy-Brown, LLC (Murphy-Brown), a subsidiary of Smithfield Foods, which is a Chinese-owned company. Smithfield Foods is the largest pork and hog producer in the world, generating 8.6 billion pounds of pork and 18.9 million hogs in 2016 alone. The... |
2021 |
| Michael McCann , Filiz Kahraman |
ON THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL/AUTHORITARIAN LEGAL FORMS IN RACIAL CAPITALIST REGIMES . THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATES |
17 Annual Review of Law and Social Science 483 (2021) |
legal orders, race and inequality, labor, capitalism, authoritarianism, liberalism Scholars conventionally distinguish between liberal and illiberal, or authoritarian, legal orders. Such distinctions are useful but often simplistic and misleading, as many regimes are governed by plural, dual, or hybrid legal institutions, principles, and practices.... |
2021 |
| Lori A. Young |
ONE JOURNEY TOWARD RACIAL JUSTICE: THE POWER OF ME, THE POWER OF WE |
24 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 5 (Spring, 2021) |
I remember being emotionally traumatized when I learned of Trayvon Martin. Then came Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. Later, seeing the video of Philando Castille was gut-wrenching. I couldn't even watch the entire eight minute and 46 second video of George Floyd's killing. These stories--these images--of Black men senselessly killed without... |
2021 |
| Renee Nicole Allen |
OUR COLLECTIVE WORK, OUR COLLECTIVE STRENGTH |
73 Rutgers University Law Review 881 (Spring, 2021) |
This essay considers the collective strength of women of color in two contexts: when we are well represented on law school faculties and when we contribute to accomplishing stated institutional diversity goals. Critical mass is broadly defined as a sufficient number of people of color. Though the concept has been socially appropriated, its origins... |
2021 |
| Lauren McLane |
OUR LOWER COURTS MUST GET IN "GOOD TROUBLE, NECESSARY TROUBLE," AND DESERT TWO PILLARS OF RACIAL INJUSTICE--WHREN v. UNITED STATES AND BATSON v. KENTUCKY |
20 Connecticut Public Interest Law Journal 181 (Spring, 2021) |
We must get in trouble, good trouble . use the law, use the law, use the Constitution to bring about a nonviolent revolution. - Rep. John Lewis On July 10, 2015, Sandra Bland was on the way to her alma mater, Prairie View A&M University, a historically Black university in Texas, to take a new job. When Trooper Encinia's patrol car got into the lane... |
2021 |
| Leah K. Burton, Noelle G. Hicks |
OVERCOMING RACISM IN COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS: ATTORNEYS AS AGENTS OF CHANGE |
37 Practical Real Estate Lawyer 3 (September 1, 2021) |
Racism exists in community associations. We all know it does. How many times have you been on the phone with a board of directors discussing a covenant violation when all of a sudden one of the board members chimes in with a comment about the race of the homeowner at issue? Before you even have a chance to bring up the Fair Housing Act and remind... |
2021 |
| Guy-Uriel E. Charles , Luis Fuentes-Rohwer |
PATHOLOGICAL RACISM, CHRONIC RACISM & TARGETED UNIVERSALISM |
109 California Law Review 1107 (June, 2021) |
Race and law scholars almost uniformly prefer antisubordination to anticlassification as the best way to understand and adjudicate racism. In this short Essay, we explore whether the antisubordination framework is sufficiently capacious to meet our present demands for racial justice. We argue that the antisubordination approach relies on a... |
2021 |
| Taunya Lovell Banks |
PERSONAL IDENTITY EQUALITY AND RACIAL MISRECOGNITION: REVIEW ESSAY OF MULTIRACIALS AND CIVIL RIGHTS: MIXED-RACE STORIES OF DISCRIMINATION |
34 Journal of Civil Rights & Economic Development 13 (Spring, 2021) |
There is a growing body of social science literature documenting multiracials as an emergent minority group . who . have not always been recognized as either a separate racial group or as legitimate members of racial groups. Tanya Hernández has been writing about aspects of American multiracialism for twenty years. Her 1998 article in the... |
2021 |
| Gwendoline M. Alphonso |
POLITICAL-ECONOMIC ROOTS OF COERCION--SLAVERY, NEOLIBERALISM, AND THE RACIAL FAMILY POLICY LOGIC OF CHILD AND SOCIAL WELFARE |
11 Columbia Journal of Race and Law 471 (July, 2021) |
The Article argues that at the core of the American neoliberal policy regime, of which child welfare is a critical part, lies an enduring raced family policy logic of two racially stratified standards: a punitive Black economic utility family standard and a supportive white domestic affection family standard, whose policy roots and practices trace... |
2021 |
| Nathan Frischkorn, Samuel Waxman, Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, Arizona State University |
POWER AND POLLUTION: APPROACHING COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS AND RENEWABLE ENERGY THROUGH A RACIAL JUSTICE LENS |
10 Chicago-Kent Journal of Environmental and Energy Law 1 (Spring, 2021) |
Racial justice protests erupted across the United States in the summer of 2020, ignited by the public killing of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer. Although the struggle for racial justice in this country has spanned decades, one part of that struggle involves ongoing environmental injustices plaguing many U.S. minority neighborhoods.... |
2021 |
| Professor Amy F. Kimpel , James Chavez , University of Alabama School of Law, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 205-348-4960, Email akimpel@law.ua.edu, Website https://www.law.ua.edu, The Law Offices of James Chavez, San Diego, California, 619-894-6464, Email James@ja |
PRETRIAL RELEASE FOR NON-US CITIZEN CLIENTS: ONE FRONT OF THE WAR FOR RACIAL JUSTICE |
45-JUL Champion 16 (July, 2021) |
Before the hearing, the prosecutor called to ask if I was planning on stipping to detention. I was not. But your client is an alien, the prosecutor replied. I pointed out that my client was still entitled to a detention hearing and pretrial release. But he'll lose, and it is just a waste of the court's time. The prosecutor was wrong.... |
2021 |
| Jessica Brown |
PROMOTING RACIAL JUSTICE, EQUITY, DIVERSITY, AND INCLUSIVITY WITHIN THE BAR |
50-JAN Colorado Lawyer 4 (January, 2021) |
In last month's Message, I collaborated with leading lawyers Annie Martínez and Christine Hernández, who described how local attorneys and judges are leading efforts toward a diversity-focused CLE requirement. This month, I continue the focus on racial justice, equity, diversity, and inclusivity (REDI) by shining the spotlight on four talented,... |
2021 |
| Katie Raitz |
PUBLIC HEALTH AND RACIAL INEQUALITY: WHY THE OPPORTUNITY ZONE PROGRAM FAILS LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES AND COSTS LIVES |
12 UC Irvine Law Review 315 (November, 2021) |
The rich man's dog gets more in the way of vaccination, medicine and medical care than do the workers upon whom the rich man's wealth is built. Poor health outcomes are linked to long-standing wealth disparities for people of color in the United States. Wealth inequality has gotten worse over the past decades, despite attempts to improve it. The... |
2021 |
| Karen Engle , Lucas Lixinski |
QUILOMBO LAND RIGHTS, BRAZILIAN CONSTITUTIONALISM, AND RACIAL CAPITALISM |
54 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 831 (October, 2021) |
The 1988 Brazilian Constitution, the first in a wave of new democratic and multicultural constitutions in Latin America, contains a transitory provision guaranteeing collective land rights to quilombo communities. These communities are composed of quilombolas, primarily descendants of formerly enslaved Africans, many of whom had escaped slavery. A... |
2021 |
| Melissa Murray |
RACE-ING ROE: REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE, RACIAL JUSTICE, AND THE BATTLE FOR ROE v. WADE |
134 Harvard Law Review 2025 (April, 2021) |
C1-2CONTENTS Introduction. 2027 I. Race and Reproduction Before and After Roe. 2031 A. Race-ing Reproduction: From Slavery to the Birth Control Movement. 2033 1. Slavery and Reproduction. 2033 2. The Racial Politics of Abortion Criminalization. 2034 3. The Racial Politics of the Eugenics Movement. 2036 4. Race, Eugenics, and the Birth Control... |
2021 |
| Samantha Bielen , Wim Marneffe , Naci Mocan , Hasselt University, Hasselt University, Louisiana State University |
RACIAL BIAS AND IN-GROUP BIAS IN VIRTUAL REALITY COURTROOMS |
64 Journal of Law & Economics 269 (May, 2021) |
We filmed videos of criminal trials using three-dimensional virtual reality (VR) technology, prosecuted by actual prosecutors and defended by actual defense attorneys in a real courtroom. This is the first paper that utilizes VR technology in a non-computer-animated setting. We alter only the race of the defendants, holding all activity in the... |
2021 |
| Yu Du |
RACIAL BIAS STILL EXISTS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? A REVIEW OF RECENT EMPIRICAL RESEARCH |
37 Touro Law Review 79 (2021) |
The debate on whether racial bias is still embedded in the criminal justice (CJ) system today has reached its plateau. One recent article in the Washington Post has claimed an overwhelming evidence of racial bias in the CJ system. Whereas some scholars argue that racial disparity is an epitome of real crime rates, others indicate that implicit... |
2021 |
| Michelle Foster , Timnah Rachel Baker |
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN NATIONALITY LAWS: A DOCTRINAL BLIND SPOT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW? |
11 Columbia Journal of Race and Law 83 (January, 2021) |
Statelessness has historically been overlooked by the international community, but it is now a significant focus of the work of academics, advocates, and international institutions. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees' campaign to end statelessness by 2024 is now past its half-way point. Yet, while it is understood that statelessness... |
2021 |
| Olinda Moyd |
RACIAL DISPARITIES INHERENT IN AMERICA'S FRAGMENTED PAROLE SYSTEM |
36-SPG Criminal Justice 6 (Spring, 2021) |
This global health crisis has proven to be an equal opportunity discloser, in that it has spotlighted the layers of inequities and racial disparities so engrained in America's structural systems. Nowhere else is this more evident than in our criminal legal system, where justice is often austere for African Americans. The ghastly statistics of the... |
2021 |
| Kevin P. Brady, Ph.D. , Suzanne Kucharczyk, Ed.D. |
RACIAL DISPROPORTIONALITY AND THE SPECIAL EDUCATION PARADOX: THE DIVIDE BETWEEN LEGAL COMPLIANCE AND THE BEST PRACTICE(S) |
384 West's Education Law Reporter 585 (February 18, 2021) |
. an interesting paradox arises with the racialization of disabilities [because the] civil rights response for one group of individuals (i.e., learners with disabilities) has become a potential source of inequities for another group (i.e., racial minority students), despite their shared histories of struggles for equity. In 2019, the U.S.... |
2021 |