AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYear
Nooreen Reza PROBLEMATIZING LOW-LEVEL POLICING'S RELATIONSHIP WITH RACIALIZED GENTRIFICATION 29 Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 68 (Winter, 2022) Introduction. 69 I. A Primer on Gentrification and Displacement. 71 II. The Empirical Links Between Order Maintenance Policing and Gentrification. 73 A. Development-Directed Policing. 73 B. Neighbor-Driven Policing. 78 III. The Racially Unjust Impacts of Gentrification-Induced Policing. 80 A. Crime Free Housing Laws. 80 B. Community Degradation... 2022
Leah Goodridge PROFESSIONALISM AS A RACIAL CONSTRUCT 69 UCLA Law Review Discourse 38 (2022) This Essay examines professionalism as a tool to subjugate people of color in the legal field. Professionalism is a standard with a set of beliefs about how one should operate in the workplace. While professionalism seemingly applies to everyone, it is used to widely police and regulate people of color in various ways including hair, tone, and food... 2022
Carol M. Rose PROPERTY LAW AND INEQUALITY: LESSONS FROM RACIALLY RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS 117 Northwestern University Law Review 225 (2022) Abstract--A long-standing justification for the institution of property is that it encourages effort and planning, enabling not only individual wealth creation but, indirectly, wealth creation for an entire society. Equal opportunity is a precondition for this happy outcome, but some have argued that past inequalities of opportunity have distorted... 2022
Liam H. McMillin PROVING RACISM: GIBSON BROS. INC. v. OBERLIN COLLEGE AND THE IMPLICATIONS ON DEFAMATION LAW 90 University of Cincinnati Law Review 1021 (2022) Within a day of the election of Donald Trump in 2016, a seemingly innocuous event occurred in the small college town of Oberlin, Ohio: an Oberlin College student visited a local business, Gibson's, and attempted to use a fake ID to buy a bottle of wine, with two more bottles hidden under his shirt. The man at the counter, Allyn D. Gibson Jr.,... 2022
Matthew C. Altman , Cynthia D. Coe PUNISHMENT THEORY, MASS INCARCERATION, AND THE OVERDETERMINATION OF RACIALIZED JUSTICE 16 Criminal Law and Philosophy 631 (October, 2022) Accepted: 17 September 2021 / Published online: 26 September 2021 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 In recent years, scholars have documented the racial disparities of mass incarceration. In this paper we argue that, although retributivism and deterrence theory appear to be race-neutral, in the contemporary U.S.... 2022
Bethany R. Berger RACE TO PROPERTY: RACIAL DISTORTIONS OF PROPERTY LAW, 1634 TO TODAY 64 Arizona Law Review 619 (Fall, 2022) Race shaped property law for everyone in the United States, and we are all the poorer for it. This transformation began in the colonial era, when demands for Indian land annexation and a slave-based economy created new legal innovations in recording, foreclosure, and commodification of property. It continued in the antebellum era, when these same... 2022
Ronak Patel RACE-CONSCIOUS INDEPENDENT REDISTRICTING COMMISSIONS: PROTECTING RACIAL MINORITIES' POLITICAL POWER THROUGH RULES-BASED MAP DRAWING 69 UCLA Law Review 624 (April, 2022) The United States is changing, and its democratic process must change with it. A new nonwhite majority is emerging after decades of demographic shift. Federal voting rights doctrine, developed throughout the Civil Rights Era, is premised on a biracial conception of American society. Withering under sustained attack, federal protections have also... 2022
Atinuke O. Adediran RACIAL ALLIES 90 Fordham Law Review 2151 (April, 2022) Racial allies are white individuals and institutions that actively work to dismantle systems of racial inequality and the consequences of poverty that disproportionately impact communities of color and that are willing to both confer and share power with members of subjugated groups. There is no other sector of the legal profession that professes... 2022
Kevin D. Brown , Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt RACIAL AND ETHNIC ANCESTRY OF THE NATION'S BLACK LAW STUDENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE LSSSE SURVEY 22 Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy 1 (2022) Introduction. 2 I. Changing Racial and Ethnic Ancestries of Black People in the United States Since Affirmative Action Began. 6 A. Historical Race and Ethnicity of Black People at the Commencement of Affirmative Action. 6 B. Current Racial and Ethnic Ancestry of Black People. 8 C. Impact of Change in Census Definitions on the Ability to Collect... 2022
Nelson Torres-Rios RACIAL BARRIERS TO EQUAL PROTECTION: UNITED STATES v. VAELLO MADERO 49 Rutgers Law Record 102 (2022) For most Americans, United States citizenship guarantees all the rights and privileges provided by the federal constitution. For the 3 million American citizens who reside in Puerto Rico, a population greater than 20 states, the constitution does not provide for representation in Congress nor participation in federal elections. Facing dire needs... 2022
Amy Sings In The Timber, Randi Mattox RACIAL BIAS AND WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS 47-MAR Montana Lawyer 11 (February/March, 2022) Innocence work is evolving. The drivers of wrongful convictions are not changing. Rather, advocates around the country are beginning to recognize and acknowledge how racial equity plays a role in ending unjust incarceration in our criminal legal system. Considering who is most often wrongfully convicted and the motivations behind locking up... 2022
Dan L. Burk RACIAL BIAS IN ALGORITHMIC IP 106 Minnesota Law Review Headnotes 270 (Spring, 2022) Justice? Hawkmoon called after him as he left the room. Is there such a thing? It can be manufactured in small quantities, Fank told him. But we have to work hard, fight well and use great wisdom to produce just a tiny amount. Intellectual property law currently stands at the intersection of two dramatic social trends. Machine learning... 2022
Annie H. Sloan RACIAL BIAS IN JURY SELECTION MUST BE ADDRESSED 61 Judges' Journal 24 (Spring, 2022) The problem of racial bias in jury selection has long plagued the American criminal legal system, undermining constitutional guarantees of a fair jury trial and equal justice under law. Recently, some states have begun to tackle this fundamental issue with renewed vigor and creativity. An aggressive effort to combat this longstanding injustice... 2022
Pavan S. Krishnamurthy RACIAL BIAS IN THE UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES: A THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE ERA OF RENEWED GREAT POWER COMPETITION 29 Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 31 (Winter, 2022) Introduction. 33 I. The History of International Security Environments. 35 A. The Cold War Era. 35 B. The Post-Cold War Era. 36 C. The Era of Renewed Great Power Competition. 36 II. Racial Bias in the United States Armed Forces. 38 Diagram 1: Racial Bias within Micro and Macro Perspectives. 40 A. Racial Bias in the Cold War Era. 40 B. Racial Bias... 2022
E. Tendayi Achiume RACIAL BORDERS 110 Georgetown Law Journal 445 (March, 2022) This Article explores the treatment of race and racial justice in dominant liberal democratic legal discourse and theory concerned with international borders. It advances two analytical claims. The first is that contemporary national borders of the international order--an order that remains structured by imperial inequity--are inherently racial.... 2022
Tonya L. Brito , Kathryn A. Sabbeth , Jessica K. Steinberg , Lauren Sudeall RACIAL CAPITALISM IN THE CIVIL COURTS 122 Columbia Law Review 1243 (June, 2022) This Essay explores how civil courts function as sites of racial capitalism. The racial capitalism conceptual framework posits that capitalism requires racial inequality and relies on racialized systems of expropriation to produce capital. While often associated with traditional economic systems, racial capitalism applies equally to nonmarket... 2022
Natè Simmons RACIAL CAPITALISM: COMPLEXITIES WITH ENFORCING CORPORATE COMMITMENTS TO END RACIAL INJUSTICE 55 UIC Law Review 519 (Fall, 2022) I. Introduction. 519 II. Background. 521 A. Corporate Pronouncements Committing to Diversity, Equity and Inclusion. 521 B. Colin Kaepernick's Protest for Racial Equality. 525 C. Corporate Gift Regulation. 528 D. Legislation on Diversifying Corporate Boards of Directors. 529 E. Tax Credits. 530 F. Racial Capitalism. 531 III. Analysis. 532 A.... 2022
Stewart Chang RACIAL CONTAGION: ANTI-ASIAN NATIONALISM, THE STATE OF EMERGENCY, AND EXCLUSION 9 Belmont Law Review 486 (Spring, 2022) Introduction. 486 I. Contagion, Yellow Peril, and Exclusion. 491 II. Korematsu, Internment, and the Enemy Within. 501 III. The Chinese Virus and the COVID-19 Travel Bans. 506 Conclusion. 510 2022
Kathryne M. Young , Jessica Pearlman RACIAL DISPARITIES IN LIFER PAROLE OUTCOMES: THE HIDDEN ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL EVALUATIONS 47 Law and Social Inquiry 783 (August, 2022) One in seven people in prison in the US is serving a life sentence, and most of these people will eventually be eligible for discretionary parole release. Yet parole hearings are notoriously understudied. With only a handful of exceptions, few researchers have considered the ways in which race shapes decision-makers' perception of parole... 2022
Allyson Crane RACIAL DISPARITIES IN MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT: HOW INDIANA MISSES THE MARK IN PROVIDING ACCESSIBLE AND QUALITY TREATMENT AMIDST THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC 19 Indiana Health Law Review 427 (2022) Doctors, organizations, and citizens have expressed the importance of mental health, equating its significance to physical health. Despite the numerous conversations about mental health, treatment continues to fall short. This is especially the case for people of color. People of color are at a significant disadvantage in terms of access to quality... 2022
Grace E. Driggers RACIAL DISPARITIES IN SOUTH CAROLINA'S JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM: WHY THEY EXIST AND HOW THEY CAN BE REDUCED 73 South Carolina Law Review 1115 (Summer, 2022) I. Introduction. 1116 II. Background. 1119 A. The Root Cause: How Racial Disparities in Juvenile Justice Systems Develop. 1119 1. Differential Offending. 1119 2. Differential Selection. 1120 B. Why South Carolina's Legislature Should Explicitly Target Racial Disparities. 1125 III. The Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2020. 1127 IV. Models of Success.... 2022
Patrick Ross RACIAL EQUITY IMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH CARE 77 Food & Drug Law Journal 265 (2022) Decision-making using artificial intelligence (AI) aims to reduce human error and bias in the clinical decision process. The advanced pattern-finding capabilities of AI and machine learning serve as both promise and pitfall, as pattern recognition can unintentionally cause algorithms to incorporate human biases, such as racial, gender, or... 2022
Alyssa C. Mooney , Alissa Skog , Amy E. Lerman RACIAL EQUITY IN ELIGIBILITY FOR A CLEAN SLATE UNDER AUTOMATIC CRIMINAL RECORD RELIEF LAWS 56 Law and Society Review 398 (September, 2022) States have begun to pass legislation to provide automatic relief for eligible criminal records, potentially reducing the lifelong collateral consequences of criminal justice involvement. Yet numerous historical examples suggest that racially neutral policies can have profoundly disparate effects across racial groups. In the case of criminal record... 2022
Jennifer Rebholz RACIAL EQUITY'S LONG ROAD 58-FEB Arizona Attorney 6 (February, 2022) This month is Black History Month, a celebration of important people and events in the history of the African diaspora. When I started to write this column, I struggled because I didn't think, as a white woman, I was the best person to highlight this and that I would be inserting myself into a story that wasn't really mine. I was going to play it... 2022
Shauhin A. Talesh* RACIAL INEQUALITY, COVID-19, AND HEALTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE: LESSONS LEARNED AND PATHWAYS FORWARD 71 DePaul Law Review 635 (Spring, 2022) COVID-19 impacted the entire world, and the United States is no exception. In addition to pervasive death and illness, COVID-19 wreaked havoc on the U.S. economy. Many people in the United States lost their jobs, others worked remotely, and many essential workers continued working in their workplace settings at great risk to themselves. The public... 2022
Sophia Z. Lee RACIAL JUSTICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE 97 Chicago-Kent Law Review 161 (2022) This article argues that commemorating the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) should involve accounting for the role it has played in both advancing and thwarting racial justice, as well as the role racial justice advocates have played in shaping its interpretation. The APA was not designed to advance racial justice; indeed, its provisions... 2022
Yuvraj Joshi RACIAL JUSTICE AND PEACE 110 Georgetown Law Journal 1325 (June, 2022) The United States recently saw the largest racial justice protests in its history. An estimated 15 to 26 million people took to the streets over the police killings of Breonna Taylor, Tony McDade, George Floyd, and countless other Black people. This Article explores how these protests and their chants of No Justice! No Peace! should lead us to... 2022
Matthew J. Parlow RACIAL PROTEST AND RACIAL PROGRESS IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS 31 Southern California Review of Law & Social Justice 239 (Spring, 2022) The summer of 2020 marked significant changes in society, as seen through worldwide protests and an accompanying movement to address social injustice and systemic racism in America. That movement was amplified by and within professional sports as players, teams, and leagues sought to contribute to the goals of anti-racism by working to build a more... 2022
Angela Onwuachi-Willig , Anthony V. Alfieri RACIAL TRAUMA IN CIVIL RIGHTS REPRESENTATION 120 Michigan Law Review 1701 (June, 2022) Narratives of trauma told by clients and communities of color have inspired an increasing number of civil rights and antiracist lawyers and academics to call for more trauma-informed training for law students and lawyers. These advocates have argued not only for greater trauma-sensitive practices and trauma-centered interventions on behalf of... 2022
Sharifa Garvey , Joshua Rosa , Dr. Maryam Jernigan RACIAL TRAUMA IN JUVENILE JUSTICE REFORM 66 Boston Bar Journal 32 (2022) In recent years, the Massachusetts' juvenile justice system has adopted new practices based on adolescent brain development research and trauma informed care practices. While laudatory, these efforts have not addressed a critical component - racial trauma. Racial trauma describes the negative psychological and emotional impact of racism on youths... 2022
Sara Hildebrand RACIALIZED IMPLICATIONS OF OFFICER GANG EXPERT TESTIMONY 92 Mississippi Law Journal 155 (2022) Introduction. 156 I. The Rise of Police as Expert Witnesses. 159 II. Anti-Gang Legislation and Officers as Gang Experts. 163 III. Bases for Exclusion of Officer Gang Expert Testimony. 167 A. Excessive Judicial Deference to Police as Gang Experts. 168 1. Uncritical Judicial Assessment of Officer Qualifications. 169 2. Unreliable, Overbroad, and... 2022
Erika K. Wilson RACIALIZED RELIGIOUS SCHOOL SEGREGATION 132 Yale Law Journal Forum 598 (17-Nov-22) abstract. Carson v. Makin has several implications for the future of school-choice programs. This Essay explores one possibility: an increase in sectarian schools participating in state-funded school-choice programs, causing new forms of school segregation based on race and religion and impairing the democracy-enhancing functions of public... 2022
Suzy J. Park RACIALIZED SELF-DEFENSE: EFFECTS OF RACE SALIENCE ON PERCEPTIONS OF FEAR AND REASONABLENESS 55 Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems 541 (Summer, 2022) Through a controlled experiment, this Note investigates the hypothesis that implicit references to racial stereotypes, such as subtle racial imagery, trigger mock jurors' implicit biases to a greater degree than explicit invocations of racial stereotypes. Across six conditions, 270 participants read facts resembling those of People v. Goetz, in... 2022
Lili Levi RACIALIZED, JUDAIZED, FEMINIZED: IDENTITY-BASED ATTACKS ON THE PRESS 20 First Amendment Law Review 147 (2022) The press is under a growing and dangerous form of attack through identity-based online harassment of journalists. Armies of online abusers are strategically using a variety of rhetorical tools (including references to lynching, the Holocaust, rape and dismemberment) to intimidate and silence non-white, non-male and non-Christian journalists. Such... 2022
Felix B. Chang , Anisha Rakhra , Janelle Thompson RACIALLY COLLUSIVE BOYCOTTS: AFRICAN-AMERICAN PURCHASING POWER IN THE WIGS AND HAIR EXTENSIONS MARKET 102 Boston University Law Review 1277 (May, 2022) This Essay analyzes expressive boycotts in the market for wigs and hair extensions, where consumers are primarily African Americans and producers are almost uniformly Korean Americans. This type of ethnically segmented and misaligned (ESM) market raises unique doctrinal and theoretical questions. Under antitrust case law, the treatment of a... 2022
Elise C. Boddie RACIALLY TERRITORIAL POLICING IN BLACK NEIGHBORHOODS 89 University of Chicago Law Review 477 (March, 2022) This Essay explores police practices that marginalize Black people by limiting their freedom of movement across the spaces of Black neighborhoods. In an earlier article, I theorized racial territoriality as a form of discrimination that excludes people of color from--or marginalizes them within--racialized White spaces that have a racially... 2022
Mary Finley-Brook , Environmental Justice Researchers RACISM AND TOXIC BURDEN IN RURAL DIXIE 46 William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review 603 (Spring, 2022) Rural pollution hotspots receive inadequate attention during impact assessments: low population density is strategically used to suggest rural areas lack critical importance. Local resistance led to a legal victory for Union Hill, Virginia, where a door-to-door household study of demographics and family heritage exposed data inequities and biases... 2022
Ruhan Nagra, Jeanne Bergman, Jasmine Graham REGULATORY THEATER: HOW INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES AND CAPTURED OVERSIGHT AGENCIES PERPETUATE ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM 25 CUNY Law Review 355 (Summer, 2022) Introduction. 355 I - The Perverse Incentive and Environmental Racism. 357 A. National Grid's Fossil Fuel Infrastructure Expansion. 357 B. The Perverse Incentive of Investor-Owned Utilities. 362 C. Environmental Justice and Climate Impacts. 365 II - Utility Rate Cases in New York. 374 A. Utility Rate Cases 101: The Process. 375 B. Utility Rate... 2022
Adreanna B. Sellers RELIANCE ON A JUDICIAL LIFELINE: STATE v. ROBINSON AND NORTH CAROLINA'S PARTISAN BATTLE FOR THE RACIAL JUSTICE ACT 2 North Carolina Civil Rights Law Review 163 (Spring, 2022) INTRODUCTION. 163 I. RJA HISTORY AND LEGISLATIVE INTENT. 166 II. STATE V. ROBINSON. 168 III. PROTECTION FROM DOUBLE JEOPARDY. 170 IV. APPLYING THE PROTECTIONS TO ROBINSON'S CASE. 172 CONCLUSION. 174 2022
René Reyes RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, RACIAL JUSTICE, AND DISCRIMINATORY IMPACTS: WHY THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE SHOULD BE APPLIED AT LEAST AS STRICTLY AS THE FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE 55 Indiana Law Review 275 (2022) This Article offers a critical comparative analysis of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence under the Free Exercise Clause and the Equal Protection Clause. In a number of recent cases, the Court has shown increasing solicitude for the rights of religious objectors and has upheld claims for exemptions from various laws--even in the absence of an intent... 2022
Kendall Lawrenz REMEDYING THE HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL RACISM THROUGH REPARATIONS 90 George Washington Law Review 1018 (August, 2022) From the early introduction of slavery to the United States, not only did the economic prosperity of slavery depend on extracting reproductive labor from Black birthing people, but so did the field of medicine. Enslaved Black people were experimented on and forced to undergo inhumane procedures in the name of science, yet as the medical profession... 2022
Martha M. Ertman REPARATIONS FOR RACIAL WEALTH DISPARITIES AS REMEDY FOR SOCIAL CONTRACT BREACH 85 Law and Contemporary Problems 231 (2022) Acute crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2008 financial meltdown exposed and exacerbated chronic racial wealth disparities. Those disparities accumulated over time as government and private actions--often involving contracts--systemically benefitted White Americans and institutions at the expense of African-Americans. This Article focuses... 2022
  REPORT OF THE OREGON SUPREME COURT TASK FORCE ON RACIAL/ETHNIC ISSUES IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM 100 Oregon Law Review 425 (2022) May 1994 Office of the State Court Administrator Oregon Judicial Department The Oregon Supreme Court Task Force on Racial/Ethnic Issues in the Judicial System Chair Honorable Edwin J. Peterson Vice Chair M. Khalil Zonoozy Members Kathleen Bogan Honorable Nancy W. Campbell Kathryn H. Clarke Honorable Mercedes F. Deiz Marco A. Hernandez Douglas... 2022
André Douglas Pond Cummings , Steven A. Ramirez ROADMAP FOR ANTI-RACISM: FIRST UNWIND THE WAR ON DRUGS NOW 96 Tulane Law Review 469 (February, 2022) I. Introduction. 469 II. A Short History of the War on Drugs and Mass Incarceration. 475 III. The Devastation Suffered in Communities of Color. 486 A. Direct Economic Costs of the War on Drugs and Mass Incarceration. 487 B. Government Expenditures. 488 C. Economic and Psychological Costs on Families of Color. 490 D. Indirect Costs of the War on... 2022
Lenni B. Benson SEEING IMMIGRATION AND STRUCTURAL RACISM: IT'S WHERE YOU PUT YOUR EYES 66 New York Law School Law Review 277 (2021/2022) Color is not a human or a personal reality; it is a political reality. --James Baldwin Immigration law is frequently a proxy for racial and ethnic discrimination. The legal fictions and rules that generate our immigration laws would be unconstitutional in any other context. This essay asks you to interrogate your assumptions and to explore the... 2022
Silvia M. Radulescu SEGREGATION, RACIAL HEALTH DISPARITIES, AND INADEQUATE FOOD ACCESS IN BROOKLYN 29 Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy 251 (Winter, 2022) Despite remarkable medical advances and the steady rise of New Yorkers' overall life expectancies, striking health disparities exist among New Yorkers along racial and economic lines. Poor health is concentrated in predominantly Black and Hispanic poverty-stricken neighborhoods. Within just a ten-mile radius in Brooklyn, there is a decade-long... 2022
Brendan Lantz, Marin R. Wenger, Zachary T. Malcom, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University SEVERITY MATTERS: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF OFFENSE SEVERITY IN PREDICTING RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN REPORTING OF BIAS AND NONBIAS VICTIMIZATION TO THE POLICE 46 Law and Human Behavior 15 (February, 2022) Objective: Previous research has noted contradictory findings regarding race and police notification, such that Black people indicate higher levels of distrust in the police yet report victimization to the police at rates similar to or higher than others. We investigated the role of offense severity in accounting for these discrepancies.... 2022
Richard Chused STRATEGIC THINKING ABOUT RACISM IN AMERICAN ZONING 66 New York Law School Law Review 307 (2021/2022) This essay arises out of my experience participating in New York Law School's unique seminar on Race, Bias, and Advocacy described in Professor Edward A. Purcell, Jr.,'s introductory essay. In that piece, Purcell notes that one of the basic hypotheses underlying the seminar is that the neutral and colorblind nature of the formal law does not... 2022
Florence Wagman Roisman STUMBLING STONES AT LEVITTOWN: WHAT TO DO ABOUT RACIAL COVENANTS IN THE UNITED STATES 30 Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law 461 (2022) Racially restrictive covenants blanketed much of the housing in the United States beginning in the late nineteenth century. Although these covenants are most noted for forbidding the ownership or occupancy of land by Black people (except when they were domestic servants), covenants also forbade ownership or occupancy by, among others, Indians,... 2022
Osamudia James SUPERIOR STATUS: RELATIONAL OBSTACLES IN THE LAW TO RACIAL JUSTICE AND LGBTQ EQUALITY 63 Boston College Law Review 199 (January, 2022) Introduction. 200 I. Equality Stalled. 206 A. Education. 206 B. Marriage. 212 II. Status in Equality Movements. 217 A. Social Status. 218 1. The Architecture of Status. 218 2. Discrimination, Animus, Status. 222 B. Status in Movements. 226 1. Public School Integration. 226 2. Same-Sex Marriage. 233 III. Accounting for Status. 241 A. Law and... 2022
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