AuthorTitleCitationDocument TypeStatusSummaryYear
Eric K. Yamamoto , Hanna Wong Taum REPARATIONS DELAYED: JAPANESE LATIN AMERICANS AND THE UNITED STATES' WWII HUMAN RIGHTS TRANSGRESSIONS 31 Asian American Law Journal 3 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   On the basis of determinations of fact and law, the Inter-American Commission concluded that the [United States] is responsible for the violation of articles II (equality before the law) and XVII (fair trial and effective remedy) of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man .. --The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights April... 2024
Claire Greenstein REPARATIONS, BUT FOR WHAT? PRESENTING A NEW APPROACH TO CODING REPARATIONS 49 Law and Social Inquiry 90 (February, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Reparations payments are commonly measured as either paid versus not paid, or present versus absent. I argue that this approach causes researchers to overlook systematic variation in the types of abuses that governments include in their reparations commitments. This article makes the case for revising quantitative reparations indicators to reflect... 2024
Amanda Frost REPARATIVE CITIZENSHIP 65 William and Mary Law Review 651 (February, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   The United States has granted reparations for a variety of historical injustices, from imprisonment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War to the Tuskegee syphilis experiments. Yet the nation has never considered reparations for 150 years of discriminatory immigration and citizenship policies that excluded millions based on race, gender,... 2024
Thalia González , Paige Joki REPRODUCING INEQUALITY: RACIAL CAPITALISM AND THE COST OF PUBLIC EDUCATION 65 Boston College Law Review 317 (February, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Introduction. 319 I. Education and Racial Capitalism. 334 II. Fines and Fees as a Modality of Racial Capitalism. 346 A. Methods. 347 B. Dispossession and Inequitable Access to Educational Opportunities. 349 C. Resource Extraction and Debt Creation. 352 D. Punishment. 355 III. Protecting Black Students and Families. 359 A. Every Student Succeeds... 2024
Portia Pedro RESISTANCE PROCEDURALISM: A PROLOGUE TO THEORIZING PROCEDURAL SUBORDINATION 80 Washington and Lee Law Review 2039 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Several legal scholars have discussed the role of slavery within their own family histories and a growing number of scholars are exploring the successes and strategies of lawyers and Black litigants in freedom suits and other litigation in the United States antebellum South. I build on these literatures with a focus on procedure. In this Article, I... 2024
Jonathan Rosenbloom SACRIFICE ZONES 24 Nevada Law Journal 891 (Spring, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Thousands of acres of land have been lost to climate change. Additional thousands, if not millions, of acres will become uninhabitable because of floods, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires, and a host of other known and unknown climate impacts. Yet people continue to build in such areas, adding homes, businesses, infrastructure, and so on, guaranteeing... 2024
Jessica Tueller SEX/GENDER SEGREGATION: A HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION, NOT A PROTECTION 35 Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 67 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Abstract: This Article argues that human rights law should be interpreted to prohibit sex/gender segregation in all contexts, including education, employment, bathrooms, prisons, and sports, because of the gendered harms it produces. Prohibiting sex/gender segregation would constitute a departure from the current approach of international and... 2024
Katherine Pratty SLAVERY STILL EXISTS, AND MAY HAVE PRODUCED YOUR HAIRDRYER 39 American University International Law Review 87 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   In 2020, the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that forced labor generated $51 billion USD. Many profiteers are not individual bad actors, but rather, corporations. Recently it came to light that one corporate profiteer is the multinational technology manufacturing company, creator of the most awarded hair care device in 2021:... 2024
E. LaBrada SPEAKING TRUTH TO TORTURE: LEGAL META-ETHICS IN THE WORK OF DAVID LUBAN 37 Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 95 (Winter, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   This philosophical paper harvests from international criminal legal theory and meta-ethics to reshape and reconfigure our legal thought and talk, as David Plunkett and Tim Sundell term it, concerning alleged acts of torture authorized and executed under the United States government's watch in Afghanistan. The Rome Treaty authorizes the... 2024
Michael L. Smith STATE CONSTITUTIONAL PROHIBITIONS OF SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE 99 Washington Law Review 523 (June, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Abstract: In recent years, the Thirteenth Amendment has drawn sustained criticism for its Punishment Clause, which exempts those duly convicted of criminal offenses from the Amendment's prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude. Citing the Punishment Clause, courts have struck down challenges by those sentenced to forced labor, arguing... 2024
Nicholas E. Armstrong SWEAT EQUITY: A CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS OF LAND DISPOSSESSION OF BLACK FARMERS IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES 73 Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 408 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Black rural land ownership is not what it was once was and Black rural landowners own far less than what they could and should own. Upwards of ninety percent of Black rural landowners have been dispossessed of their land due to government agency failure, systemic discrimination, and private prejudice that has shaped the legal landscaped since... 2024
Timothy Messer-Kruse , Ethnic Studies, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA, Email: tmesser@bgsu.edu THE CARRIED-OFF AND THE CONSTITUTION: HOW BRITISH HARBORING OF FUGITIVES FROM AMERICAN SLAVERY LED TO THE CONSTITUTION OF 1787 42 Law and History Review 263 (May, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Accounts of the factors that led to the drafting of the U.S. Constitutional Convention have focused on Congress' failures to levy taxes, regulate commerce, and provide security against internal unrest and foreign encroachments. Left out from history are the attempts of the founders to force Britain to return thousands of escapees from slavery they... 2024
Cameron Beach THE CASE FOR CITY REPARATIONS 110 Virginia Law Review 1707 (November, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Once a political boogeyman, calls for Black reparations as a means to advance racial justice in the United States have become increasingly earnest, particularly in the wake of George Floyd's murder. But among those who view reparations as morally imperative, there is much disagreement about where they should occur. Proponents of reparations have... 2024
Scott W. Stern THE CASE FOR CLIMATE REPARATIONS 128 Dickinson Law Review 529 (Winter, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Climate reparations are, to employ an old cliché, an idea whose time has come. Of course, calls for reparations have been emanating from the Global South since long before scholars in the Global North started paying attention. The United States has been in the midst of a public debate over reparations for many years. And reparations have become... 2024
Derecka Purnell THE COST OF DOING BUSINESS 112 California Law Review 1107 (June, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Berkeley Law's symposium, Section 1983 and Police Use of Force: Building a Civil Justice Framework, asked: How do we reform the law in light of what we know? This Essay offers three responses. Part I provides additional historical context that reconsiders Section 1983 as one of the weakest federal government interventions during Reconstruction,... 2024
Eduardo Bertoni THE LIMITS OF A PEACE AGREEMENT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE HAVANA AGREEMENTS 27 Human Rights Brief 52 (Fall, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   After many years of internal armed conflict, the government of Colombia and the former Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) signed the Final Agreement to End the Armed Conflict and Build a Stable and Lasting Peace (Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera) in 2016 in Havana, Cuba,... 2024
Ekaterina (Katya) Moiseeva THE LOGIC OF NIMBYISM: CLASS, RACE, AND STIGMA IN THE MAKING OF CALIFORNIA'S LEGAL CANNABIS MARKET 49 Law and Social Inquiry 1107 (May, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   This article explores how not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) sentiments affect the implementation of new cannabis laws in California cities. Despite increasing legality and growing social tolerance, the actual status of cannabis remains controversial. Large segments of the population and local authorities remain uncomfortable with the use of cannabis and... 2024
Olatunde C.A. Johnson THE MISSING HALF: REVISITING MONETARY REMEDIES TO REDRESS RACIAL SEGREGATION 59 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 277 (Spring, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   This Essay considers whether courts should have awarded monetary remedies in housing desegregation cases. By examining the relief awarded in public housing desegregation cases brought in United States federal courts between 1966 and 1994, this Essay reveals the limitations of the almost exclusive reliance on forward-looking integration relief as a... 2024
Kindaka Sanders THE RED PILL: CRITICAL RACE THEORY, OSTRICH LAWS, AND THE 14TH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO FREE AND EQUAL THOUGHT AND DIGNITY 55 Saint Mary's Law Journal 147 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   I. Introduction. 148 II. Critical Race Theory. 157 III. Ostrich Laws. 164 IV. The Enlightenments. 170 A. The European Enlightenment. 170 B. American Enlightenment. 177 C. Freemasonry and the Founding Fathers. 190 V. The American Matrix. 204 VI. The First Amendment Right to Receive Information. 210 VII. Fourteenth Amendment Right to Free and Equal... 2024
Olatunde C.A. Johnson THE REMEDIAL RATIONALE AFTER SFFA 54 Seton Hall Law Review 1279 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   After the Supreme Court's ruling in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College (SFFA) limiting the ability of higher education institutions to use race as a factor to advance diversity in the student body, at least one prominent commentator suggested that universities should now justify their affirmative action... 2024
Larry J. Pittman THE SUPREME COURT'S ERRONEOUS EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE ANALYSIS: SOCIETAL DISCRIMINATION, THE HARVARD COLLEGE DECISION AS THE NEW PLESSY v. FERGUSON-LITE, AND THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT 57 Creighton Law Review 189 (April, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   I fear that we have come full circle. After the Civil War our Government started several affirmative action programs. This Court in the Civil Rights Cases and Plessy v. Ferguson destroyed the movement toward complete equality. For almost a century no action was taken, and this nonaction was with the tacit approval of the courts. Then we had Brown... 2024
Bernice A. Grant UNLEASHING CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP 89 Brooklyn Law Review 1031 (Summer, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   If you love somebody . set them free. --Sting Imagine the following scenario: Isabella is a twenty-seven-year-old, second-year MBA student at a prestigious business school and the child of immigrants from the Dominican Republic. Although she entered business school to become an investment banker and support her family, she always yearned to become... 2024
Cosmas Emeziem UNTOUCHABLE SOVEREIGN DEBTS: TOWARDS A NEW MODEL OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND GLOBAL FINANCE 52 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 333 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 335 II. Foundation and Contexts of Transitional Justice and Sovereign Debts. 341 A. Transitional Justices. 341 1. Nature and Norms. 342 2. Africa and Transitional Justice. 347 B. Sovereign Debts. 351 1. Basic Principles. 351 2. Africa and Sovereign Debts. 354 III. Sovereign Debts And Transitional Justice:... 2024
David Dante Troutt URBAN RENEWAL'S GRANDCHILDREN: REMEDYING THE PERSISTENT EFFECTS OF POST-WAR RACE PLANNING 52 Fordham Urban Law Journal 91 (October, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Urban renewal, a mid-century federal-local redevelopment program that transformed American cities and displaced millions of Black migrants from the South, was a race-conscious government policy responsible for the enduring suppression of Black wealth. Its racial history and character are untold in legal scholarship. This Article argues that the... 2024
Oona A. Hathaway, Maggie M. Mills, Thomas M. Poston WAR REPARATIONS: THE CASE FOR COUNTERMEASURES 76 Stanford Law Review 971 (May, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Abstract. Who pays for the terrible destruction wrought by war? This problem is far from new, but it is currently receiving renewed attention as a result of the war in Ukraine. The options currently available to states that are the victims of unlawful wars in the postwar era are limited. For Ukraine, some have proposed addressing this shortfall by... 2024
Abigail Fleming, Photini Kamvisseli Suarez WHEN JUSTICE DESTROYS CEMENT MONSTERS 54 University of Memphis Law Review 889 (Summer, 2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Dusty, toxic cement monsters?cement plants?have plagued Black communities in the United States for decades. Spewing air pollutants while contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, cement plants cause detrimental long-term health and environmental effects, making it impossible for Black communities to breathe. In the face of the global... 2024
Tasseli McKay , William A. “Sandy” Darity Jr. WHO BENEFITS FROM MASS INCARCERATION? A STRATIFICATION ECONOMICS APPROACH TO THE "COLLATERAL CONSEQUENCES" OF PUNISHMENT 20 Annual Review of Law and Social Science 309 (2024) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   mass incarceration, stratification economics, race, inequality, punishment, collateral consequences A rich empirical literature documents the consequences of mass incarceration for the wealth, health, and safety of Black Americans. Yet it often frames such consequences as a regrettable artifact of racially disproportionate criminal legal system... 2024
Daniel Backman "A VAST LABOR BUREAU": THE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF COUNTERVAILING BLACK LABOR POWER 40 Yale Journal on Regulation 837 (Summer, 2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   For a few short years starting in 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau exercised regulatory power over labor markets in a fashion unprecedented in ambition, scope, and reach in U.S. history up to that point--and, arguably, since. The Bureau used its broad authority to construct, regulate, and coordinate labor in the post-slavery South according to a... 2023
Sarah Cole , Grande Lum , Craig McEwen , Nancy Rogers "FRAMING" IN PUBLIC INITIATIVES TO ADVANCE RACIAL EQUITY 38 Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution 255 (2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   I. Introduction II. Framing Choices A. Facilitative Mediation B. Community Policy Discussion C. Peacemaking/Restorative Processes D. Community Advocacy--Disruption E. Cognitive Aspects of Framing III. Framing Approaches at Various Stages of a Commission's Work: Finding Promising Ideas for Dealing with Framing Dilemmas A. The Planning Process,... 2023
Andrew J. Lanham "PROTECTION FOR EVERY CLASS OF CITIZENS": THE NEW YORK CITY DRAFT RIOTS OF 1863, THE EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE, AND THE GOVERNMENT'S DUTY TO PROTECT CIVIL RIGHTS 13 UC Irvine Law Review 1067 (November, 2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   This Article examines an important but little-noticed moment in the intellectual history of the Equal Protection Clause: the New York City draft riots of 1863. In mid-July of that year, New York was engulfed by a weeklong riot against the Union military draft, as mobs of predominantly working-class white men beat and murdered Black New Yorkers,... 2023
M. C. Dransfield "Sentimental" losses, including mental anguish, loss of society, and loss of marital, filial, or parental care and guidance, as elements of damages in action for wrongful death 74 American Law Reports ALR 1931) (2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   The reported cases for this annotation are Dow v. Legg, 120 Neb. 271, 231 N.W. 747, 74 A.L.R. 5 (1930); and Fuller v. Darnell, 100 Fla. 773, 129 So. 915, 74 A.L.R. 1 (1930). 2023
  § 1:35. A philosophical and policy overview of constitutional and statutory civil rights law principles-Examples of the tension between the process and outcome theories-A case study in process versus outcome theory: The Metro Broadcasting decision FCIVRTACTS § 1:35 (2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   One recent Supreme Court decision, Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission, crystallizes the entire debate between the process and outcome notions of equality. The Metro Broadcasting decision is worth holding up to close examination as a detailed case study 2023
Ronald D. Rotunda, John E. Nowak § 18.10(b)(iii)(2) The Fullilove Decision Treatise on Constitutional Law-Substance & Procedure, CONLAW § 18.10(b)(iii)(2) (2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   In Fullilove v. Klutznick the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the minority business enterprise provision of the Public Works Employment Act. This provision required 10% of the amount of every federal public works project grant be expended for work done by minority business enterprises. The statute defines such businesses as ones in... 2023
Martin D. Carr, Ann Taylor Schwing § 25:63. Tolling for persons disabled or affected by war or great cruelty Expert Series, CAAFDEF § 25:63 (2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Section 354 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides: When a person is, by reason of the existence of a state of war, under a disability to commence an action, the time of the continuance of such disability is not part of the period limited for the commencement of the action whether such cause of action shall have accrued prior to or during the... 2023
Lewis Bass, P.E., J.D., Thomas Parker Redick, J.D. § 29:2. U.S. support for toxicogenomic research Products Liability: Design and Manufacturing Defects, PL-DESIGN § 29:2 (2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   The United States recognized the importance of toxicogenomics by establishing the National Center for Toxicogenomics (NCT) in 2000 within the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)the umbrella organization taking genomic data and applying it to environmental toxins. With research providing more refined analytical tools for... 2023
  2023 CA S.B. 490 (NS) 2023 California Senate Bill No. 490, California 2023-2024 Regular Session (8/22/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: An act to amend Section 8301.7 of add Part 14 (commencing with Section 16000) to Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code, relating to state government, and declaring the urgency thereof, to take effect immediately. government. AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY AUGUST 22, 2023 SENATE BILL No. 490 Introduced by Senator Bradford February 14, 2023 An act to amend Section 8301.7 of add Part 14 (commencing with Section 16000) to Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code, relating to state government, and declaring the urgency thereof, to take effect immediately. government. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S... 2023
  2023 CONG US HR 40 118th CONGRESS, 1st Session (1/9/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   To address the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865 and to establish a commission to study and consider a national apology and proposal for reparations for the institution of slavery, its subsequent de jure and de facto racial and economic discrimination against African Americans, and the impact of these forces on living African Americans, to make recommendations to the Congress on appropriate remedies, and for other purposes. Ms.Jackson Lee (for herself, Ms.Kelly of Illinois, Ms.Pressley,... 2023
  2023 CONG US HRES 414 118th CONGRESS, 1st Session (5/17/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   Recognizing that the United States has a moral and legal obligation to provide reparations for the enslavement of Africans and its lasting harm on the lives of millions of Black people in the United States. Ms. Bush (for herself, Ms. Lee of California, Ms. Tlaib, Ms. Pressley, Mr. Bowman, Mrs. Ramirez, Ms. Lee of Pennsylvania, Ms. Omar, Mr. Jackson of Illinois, and Mr. Green of Texas) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary Recognizing that the United States has a moral and legal obligation to provide reparations for the enslavement of Africans... 2023
  2023 CONG US S 40 118th CONGRESS, 1st Session (January 24, 2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   To address the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865 and to establish a commission to study and consider a national apology and proposal for reparations for the institution of slavery, its subsequent de jure and de facto racial and economic discrimination against African Americans, and the impact of these forces on living African Americans, to make recommendations to the Congress on appropriate remedies, and for other purposes. Mr. Booker (for himself, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Markey, Mr. Casey, Mr.... 2023
Councilmembers McDuffie, Gray, Parker, Lewis George, Allen, Nadeau, R. White, T. White, Pinto, and Bonds 2023 DC L.B. 152 (NS) 2023 Washington DC Legislative Bill No. 152, Washington DC Council Period Twenty-Five (2/24/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: To amend the Department of Insurance and Securities Regulation Establishment Act of 1996 to require the Commissioner of the Department of Insurance, Securities, and Banking to establish by a time certain a slavery era database of records relating to slaveholding; to establish the Reparations Foundation Fund to provide funds for reparations that may be distributed to certain District residents, and to establish the Reparations Task Force to study and develop reparation proposals for African Americans whose ancestors suffered as a result of the institution of slavery. COUNCIL OF THE... 2023
Chairman Mendelson 2023 DC L.R. 412 (NS) 2023 Washington DC Legislative Resolution No. 412, Washington DC Council Period Twenty-Five (9/19/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: To reappoint Ms. Nkechi Taifa to the Corrections Information Council Governing Board. ________________________ Chairman Phil Mendelson A PROPOSED RESOLUTION ______________________ IN THE COUNCIL OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ______________________ To reappoint Ms. Nkechi Taifa to the Corrections Information Council Governing Board. RESOLVED, BY THE COUNCIL OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, That this resolution may be cited as the Corrections Information Council Governing Board Nkechi Taifa Reappointment Resolution of 2023". Sec. 2. The Council of the District of Columbia reappoints: Ms...." 2023
House, Rep. Carol Ammons 2023 IL H.R. 292 (NS) 2023 Illinois House Resolution No. 292, Illinois One Hundred Third General Assembly - First Regular Session (5/15/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: Declares the State of Illinois should take the lead on issues of Pan-Africanism, citizenship in Africa, and reparatory justice, and the State should champion the Eighth Pan-African Congress Part 1 (8PAC1) and its agenda to develop a continental-wide diaspora citizenship plan, establish the African Diaspora as the 6th Region of the African Union (AU), and determine a permanent headquarters for the 6th Region. Calls upon the State to immediately, through its African Descent-Citizens Reparations Commission (ADCRC), provide matrilineal and patrilineal DNA testing through African ancestry... 2023
House, Rep. Carol Ammons-La Shawn K. Ford-Marcus C. Evans, Jr.-Rita Mayfield-Maurice A. West, II, Mary Beth Canty, Will Guzzardi, Edgar Gonzalez, Jr., Nabeela Syed, Laura Faver Dias, Jennifer Gong-Gershowitz, Mary E. Flowers, Barbara Hernandez, Dagmara Av 2023 IL H.R. 292 (NS) 2023 Illinois House Resolution No. 292, Illinois One Hundred Third General Assembly - First Regular Session (5/24/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: Declares the State of Illinois should take the lead on issues of Pan-Africanism, citizenship in Africa, and reparatory justice, and the State should champion the Eighth Pan-African Congress Part 1 (8PAC1) and its agenda to develop a continental-wide diaspora citizenship plan, establish the African Diaspora as the 6th Region of the African Union (AU), and determine a permanent headquarters for the 6th Region. Calls upon the State to immediately, through its African Descent-Citizens Reparations Commission (ADCRC), provide matrilineal and patrilineal DNA testing through African ancestry... 2023
Sen. Liz Miranda 2023 MA S.B. 1050 (NS) 2023 Massachusetts Senate Bill No. 1050, The 193rd General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1/20/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: An Act creating reparations for the descendants of American slavery and piloting universal basic income Section 1. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts acknowledges and apologizes for its willful participation in the institution of slavery. Slavery was an official policy of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the United States Government from 1619 through 1865 that constituted an immoral and inhumane deprivation of life, liberty, cultural heritage, and the fruits of their labor for nearly 4,000,000 Africans and tens of thousands of Indigenous people with on-going effects for their... 2023
...ways to educate the Massachusetts public of the commission's findings. (3) Recommend appropriate remedies in consideration of the commission's findings on the matters described in this section. SECTION 1. (a) There is hereby established a commission to 2023 MA S.B. 1053 (NS) 2023 Massachusetts Senate Bill No. 1053, The 193rd General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1/20/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: An Act establishing a commission to study reparations in Massachusetts DEFINITIONS (1) Whereas, Reparations are a form of transitional justice and reparatory justice 2023
  2023 NY A.B. 7828 (NS) 2023 New York Assembly Bill No. 7828, New York Two Hundred Forty-Sixth Legislative Session (6/23/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: LUCAS Enacts the New York State American Freedmen Equity Task Force on Reparations Remedies Act"; acknowledges New York state's role in the fundamental injustice and inhumanity of the institution of slavery; establishes the New York State American Freedmen Equity Task Force on Reparations Remedies; examines all aspects of slavery 2023
  2023 NY A.B. 7828 (NS) 2023 New York Assembly Bill No. 7828, New York Two Hundred Forty-Sixth Legislative Session (9/6/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: LUCAS Enacts the New York State American Freedmen Equity Task Force on Reparations Remedies Act"; acknowledges New York state's role in the fundamental injustice and inhumanity of the institution of slavery; establishes the New York State American Freedmen Equity Task Force on Reparations Remedies; examines all aspects of slavery 2023
  2023 NY A.B. 7828 (NS) 2023 New York Assembly Bill No. 7828, New York Two Hundred Forty-Sixth Legislative Session (9/11/2023) Legislation (Proposed & Enacted)   SUMMARY: LUCAS Enacts the New York State American Freedmen Equity Task Force on Reparations Remedies Act"; acknowledges New York state's role in the fundamental injustice and inhumanity of the institution of slavery; establishes the New York State American Freedmen Equity Task Force on Reparations Remedies; examines all aspects of slavery 2023
Timothy J. McFarlin A COPYRIGHT RESTORED: MARK TWAIN, MARY ANN CORD, AND HOW TO RIGHT A LONGSTANDING WRONG 2023 Wisconsin Law Review 45 (2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   Did Mark Twain and the Atlantic infringe a copyright belonging to Mary Ann Cord in the telling of how enslavers tore her family apart and how her son returned years later, as a Union soldier, to liberate her from bondage? If so, could that long-ignored infringement be remedied today? This Article answers these questions and, in so doing, provides... 2023
Edward Shore A DREAM DEFERRED: THE EMERGENCE AND FITFUL ENFORCEMENT OF THE QUILOMBO LAW IN BRAZIL 101 Texas Law Review 707 (February, 2023) Law Review Articles and Other Secondary Sources   In 1988, Brazil ratified Article 68, a constitutional provision that recognizes the collective property rights of quilombolas, who are the descendants of formerly enslaved Africans, many of whom had escaped slavery. Article 68 ushered a dramatic transformation in the racial politics of Brazil, one of the most unequal societies in the world.... 2023
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