AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms
Caroline DiCostanzo DILUTING THE DEFENSE OF PROPERTY: FLAWED DECISION IN NAVAJO NATION v. URBAN OUTFITTERS EMPHASIZES NEED FOR NEW STANDARD IN THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT 34 Federal Circuit Bar Journal 151 (2025) We believe in protecting our Nation, our artisans, designs, prayers and way of life . We expect that any company considering the use of the Navajo name, or our designs or motifs, will ask us for our permission. --Navajo Nation President Russell Begaye For centuries, Native American imagery has been glorified. From sports mascots to fashion... 2025  
Douglas Lind DISCOVERING THE DOCTRINE OF DISCOVERY 86 Montana Law Review 227 (Summer, 2025) The doctrine of discovery is a concept in crisis. A principle of public international law associated with the so-called Age of Discovery, the doctrine of discovery is commonly said to have authorized European nations to claim the lands of indigenous peoples and establish settlements on the basis of discovery alone. Today, with good reason, the... 2025  
John H. Knox DISMANTLING THE FORTRESS: REFORMING INTERNATIONAL CONSERVATION 49 Harvard Environmental Law Review 1 (2025) Species and ecosystems are declining more rapidly than ever before in human history. The global biodiversity crisis is also a crisis of human rights, especially for the Indigenous peoples who depend directly on nature for their material and cultural existence. For most of the history of international conservation, however, its leading advocates... 2025  
Michael Coenen , Seth Davis DOES THE MAJOR QUESTIONS DOCTRINE APPLY TO THE FEDERAL COURTS? 93 Fordham Law Review 1951 (May, 2025) The new major questions doctrine (MQD) requires courts to apply a distinct approach to statutory interpretation when reviewing challenges to an agency action of vast economic and political significance. Under that approach, courts must assume that such an action exceeds the scope of that agency's statutory authority unless there exists... 2025  
Erika Hinkle, Riley Smith, Sean Worley DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 26 Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 439 (Annual Review 2025) I. Introduction. 439 II. Current Organization of Domestic Violence Law. 441 A. Federal Laws Relating to Domestic Violence. 442 1. The Violence Against Women Act. 442 a. Immigrant Women. 446 b. LGBTQIA+ Individuals. 448 c. Native Americans. 449 d. Ongoing Criticisms. 450 2. The Lautenberg Amendment. 451 3. Title IX. 455 B. State Law Relating to... 2025  
Jack Berroug DON'T LET HISTORY REPEAT ITSELF: WHAT THE WESTERN SAHARA CONFLICT CAN LEARN FROM THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT 8 Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review 885 (Summer, 2025) I. Introduction. 886 II. History of the Western Sahara Conflict and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. 888 A. Historical Populations and Demographics of Both Conflicts. 891 1. Historic Populations in Morocco. 891 a. The Sherifian Society and its Ties to the Future Country of Morocco. 891 b. Bilad Shinguitti and Its Connections to the Future Country... 2025  
Hugh McClean DRED SCOTT, MILITARY ENSLAVEMENT, AND THE CASE FOR REPARATIONS 113 Kentucky Law Journal 555 (2024-2025) Introduction. 556 I. The Military Slave System. 563 A. Slave Stipends for Military Officers. 563 B. The Military Slave System and Construction of Military Fortifications in the South. 566 C. Past Injustices and the Link to Current Discrimination in the Military. 570 II. The Case for Military Reparations. 576 A. Models for Reparations. 576 B.... 2025  
Jillian Houle ECOCENTRIC ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: WHY WE SHOULD GO THERE AND HOW WE CAN GET THERE 42 Pace Environmental Law Review 359 (Spring, 2025) Environmental justice is necessary. It forces us to grapple with the fact that environmental burdens and benefits have been disproportionately divvied up across arbitrary race- and income-based lines, asks what are you going to do about it?, and offers solutions and answers to the problems it identifies. Everyone benefits from environmental... 2025  
Makai Zuniga ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR NATIVE NEVADA: HOW INDIAN GAMING CAN FURTHER TRIBAL SELF-DETERMINATION 15 UNLV Gaming Law Journal 309 (Spring, 2025) Indigenous Peoples in Nevada can trace their lineage to the Great Basin region from time immemorial through their oral histories and creation stories. Using Western metrics of carbon dating, the oldest known petroglyphs in North America are found in Nevada and are approximately 15,000 years old. The oldest human mummy in North America is also found... 2025  
Nicholas F. Stump ECOSOCIALISM, DEGROWTH, AND GLOBAL SOUTH THOUGHT: CRITICAL LEGAL TRANSFORMATIONS 49 William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review 367 (Winter, 2025) This Article explores how Critical Legal Research (CLR) can help drive transformations of our ecological political economy towards true system change. CLR entails a critical legal theory-informed approach to legal and broader socio-legal research. After articulating the CLR framework, this Article explores its potential in the context of leading... 2025  
Dipika Jain, Natasha Aggarwal, Kanmani Ray, Surbhi Karwa, Disha Chaudhari, Rishav Devrani EDUCATION EQUITY FOR TRANSGENDER AND GENDER-DIVERSE PERSONS IN INDIA: INSIGHTS INTO IMPLEMENTATION HURDLES 32 Michigan Journal of Gender & Law 1 (2025) Education is a fundamental right under Article 21A of the Constitution of India, which mandates free and compulsory education for children up to 14 years of age. Additional educational rights are enumerated in the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (hereinafter the Transgender Persons Act or the Act). This anti-discrimination... 2025  
Chan Tov McNamarah ELIMINATION THROUGH EDUCATION 54 Southwestern Law Review 248 (2025) Educators deputized as mandatory reporters of suspected changes in students' gender or sexual orientation are the latest salvo in the religious right's quixotic quest to resist queer equality in public schools--not to say, society. The newcomer is in good company. Since Anita Bryant first fomented anxieties with claims of classrooms as... 2025  
Michaela Anang-Hadjicostandi, Sophia Borgias, Karrigan Bork, Ann M. Eisenberg, Guadalupe M. Franco, Cinnamon Carlarne Hirokawa, Keith H. Hirokawa, Jonathan London, Melinda Morgan, Jessica Owley, Shannon Roesler, Sonya Ziaja ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY AND LAW: TOWARD A SYNTHESIS 99 Tulane Law Review 811 (April, 2025) This Article introduces the new interdisciplinary field of Environmental Geography and Law, which has deep roots in ecology, social science, and law. Environmental and natural resources laws are situated in specific times and places--where the climate, ecosystems, history, and political economy influence both the land and the law. These places... 2025  
Alexandra L. Phelan , Stefania Negri , Marlies Hesselman ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: TOWARDS SYNTHESIS IN GLOBAL LAW AND GOVERNANCE 53 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41 (Spring, 2025) International law and global governance regimes for environmental health challenges have been slow to reflect the intertwined relationship between the environment and human health. Historical legacies have caused artificial fragmentation between the two that has resulted in distinct fields of international law and institutions for the environment... 2025  
Shelly Taylor Page, Patricia A. Broussard ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM IN AMERICA: MINORITY COMMUNITIES AS DUMPING GROUNDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE 49 Southern Illinois University Law Journal 199 (Winter, 2025) Environmental racism is a disturbing issue affecting Communities of Color and individuals living in poverty alike. Global warming and governmental policies disproportionately affect individuals within the groups mentioned above. This stark imbalance raises serious ethical concerns that must be addressed to ensure the well-being of all citizens.... 2025  
Neoshia R. Roemer EQUITY FOR AMERICAN INDIAN FAMILIES 109 Minnesota Law Review 1713 (April, 2025) For the better part of two centuries, the cornerstone of federal Indian policy was destabilizing and eradicating tribal governments. In the process, federal Indian policy also dismantled American Indian families via child removal. Attempting to equalize American Indians through the practice of assimilation, decades of Indian child removal policies... 2025  
Kristina McLaughlin ESTABLISHING A "DUTY TO NOT DESTROY": USING FIDUCIARY DUTY TO HOLD SETTLER-COLONIAL STATES RESPONSIBLE FOR CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC HARMS COMMITTED AGAINST INDIGENOUS STUDENTS AT GOVERNMENT-RUN BOARDING SCHOOLS 34 Minnesota Journal of International Law 299 (Spring, 2025) The United States is the last of the archetypal settler-colonial nations to address the atrocities committed against indigenous attendants of government-run boarding schools. In the other settler-colonial states (Canada, New Zealand, and Australia), plaintiffs have asserted violation of fiduciary duty claims to hold the government accountable for... 2025  
Pai Liu EXPANDING THE NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION ACT TO THE U.S. TERRITORIES 27 NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy 869 (2024-2025) The U.S. Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) protects cultural objects and human remains of federally recognized Indian tribes, Native Hawaiians, and Native Alaskans. However, NAGPRA does not apply outside the fifty states, meaning indigenous people in the U.S. Territories are not covered by this landmark legislation.... 2025  
Emily R. Yan FACILITATING THE RETURN OF HUMAN REMAINS: MUSEUM POLICY CASE STUDIES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES AND UNITED KINGDOM 100 New York University Law Review 1711 (November, 2025) In January 2024, the United States made landmark regulatory updates under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) amidst intensifying scrutiny on human remains stewardship and calls for repatriation. Museums across the United States and United Kingdom currently hold hundreds of thousands of human remains in their... 2025  
Alexander Zhang FAIR NOTICE IS A SOCIOPOLITICAL CHOICE 74 Duke Law Journal 1209 (February, 2025) This Article reframes a deadlocked debate about fair notice as a justification for statutory interpretation methods by developing a historical account of a crucial, overlooked dimension: legislatures' and laypeople's value judgments about notice. On one side of the debate are idealists who contend, on due process grounds, that judges should... 2025  
  FEDERAL INDIAN LAW -- TRIBAL JURISDICTION -- NINTH CIRCUIT DENIES REHEARING EN BANC TO CONSIDER WHETHER NONMEMBER PHYSICAL PRESENCE ON TRIBAL LANDS IS REQUIRED FOR TRIBAL ADJUDICATORY JURISDICTION. -- LEXINGTON INSURANCE CO. v. SMITH, 117 F.4TH 1106 (9TH 138 Harvard Law Review 1689 (April, 2025) Chief Justice John Marshall recognized that Indian tribes are distinct, independent political communities, retaining their original natural rights, as the undisputed possessors of the soil, from time immemorial. But he also described tribes as domestic dependent nations. In the last half century, the Supreme Court has used the latter rationale... 2025  
Dan Lewerenz FEDERAL INDIAN LAW IN A TIME OF JUDICIAL SELF-AGGRANDIZEMENT 77 Stanford Law Review Online 121 (June, 2025) The Supreme Court is accumulating power. Call it concentrating power in the court, a judicial power grab, or (as a growing number of scholars are calling it) judicial aggrandizement or judicial self-aggrandizement. Each of these ideas describes a Supreme Court that is upsetting accepted notions of the separation of powers--accumulating... 2025  
Aila Hoss FEDERAL STATUTORY AND REGULATORY DEFINITIONS OF "INDIAN" 110 Iowa Law Review Online 135 (2025) I took Federal Indian Law in the fall of my 3L year of law school. It was a course that changed the trajectory of my career and my life. I remember vividly reading in my textbook, the 6th edition of Professor Getches and colleagues' Federal Indian Law published by West, about how heavily federal law regulated the rights of Native people. This... 2025  
Matthew P. Cavedon FEDERALISM LIMITS ON STATE CRIMINAL EXTRATERRITORIALITY 57 Arizona State Law Journal 811 (Fall, 2025) This article explores limits on state criminal extraterritoriality arising from constitutional federalism. This issue has recently taken on new significance due to interstate prosecutions concerning abortion, cybercrime, and election interference. However, previous scholarship has not comprehensively surveyed historical territoriality requirements.... 2025  
Sophia Tidler, P.E. FEED IT TO THE OCEAN: THE FEDERAL APPROACH TO DECOMMISSIONING IN ALASKA NATIVE CLIMATE ADAPTATION PROJECTS 41 Alaska Law Review 445 (June, 2025) This Note calls on the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) to issue guidance clarifying that concurrent decommissioning is an in-scope connected action under the National Environmental Policy Act for relocation, managed retreat, and protect-in-place projects aimed at replacing infrastructure in environmentally threatened Alaska Native... 2025  
Sophia Tidler FEED IT TO THE OCEAN: THE FEDERAL APPROACH TO DECOMMISSIONING IN ALASKA NATIVE CLIMATE ADAPTATION PROJECTS 55 Environmental Law Reporter (ELI) 10201 (March/April, 2025) This Article calls on the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) to issue guidance clarifying that concurrent decommissioning is a connected action under the National Environmental Policy Act for relocation, managed retreat, and protect-in-place projects aimed at replacing infrastructure in environmentally threatened Alaska Native communities. In... 2025  
  FIFTY-SIXTH SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON COMPUTERS, TECHNOLOGY AND THE LAW 51 Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal 377 (2025) Each year, the Journal provides a compilation of the most important and timely Articles on computers, technology, and the law. The Bibliography, indexed by subject matter, is designed to be a research guide to assist our readers in searching for recent Articles on computer and technology law. This year's annual Bibliography contains over 1,000... 2025  
E. Tendayi Achiume FOR WHOM IS INTERNATIONAL LAW? 119 American Society of International Law Proceedings 125 (April 16-April 18, 2025) When President Trump took office on January 20, 2025, he issued numerous executive orders, among them one that suspended the admissions of refugees into the United States. This executive order includes carveouts for refugees whose admission may be in the national interest of the United States, and notes that it is the policy of the United States... 2025  
E. Tendayi Achiume FOR WHOM IS INTERNATIONAL LAW? 41 American University International Law Review 1 (2025) I. PROLOGUE. 1 II. LAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, THANKS, AND OUTLINE. 4 III. LOOKING TO THE TOP: RACIAL JUSTICE, REPARATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. 6 IV. LOOKING TO THE BOTTOM. 18 V. CONCLUSION. 22 2025  
Mailyn Fidler FRAGMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL CYBERCRIME LAW 2025 Utah Law Review 737 (2025) Cybercrime is global. But legal approaches to combating cybercrime have been fragmented. The first such multilateral legal mechanism, the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, was launched in 2001 and positioned by its primarily Western drafters as a global instrument. But it has struggled to achieve full international uptake. Instead, many states... 2025  
Isha Khan FRIDAY LUNCHEON KEYNOTE 49 Canada-United States Law Journal 65 (2025) Mr. STEPHEN PETRAS: We're going to start our afternoon program with our luncheon keynote speaker, and Steve Paille will introduce our keynote speaker. Steve is the Co-Managing Director of the Canada-United States Law Institute. He's held that position since 2022, and he played a major role in putting together this year's conference. He's also a... 2025  
Jennifer Grubman FROM ONE STOLEN GENERATION TO ANOTHER: REPLICATING TREVORROW IN AMERICAN COURTS 8 Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review 805 (Summer, 2025) I. Introduction. 806 II. Background. 810 A. The United States. 810 i. General Trust Responsibility. 810 ii. Specific Trust Responsibility. 813 B. Australia. 816 i. The High Court's Exploration of a Fiduciary Relationship between the Crown and Indigenous Nations. 816 ii. The Stolen Generations Litigation and the Success of Trevorrow. 817 III.... 2025  
Axana M. Soltan JD, LL.M, MP.P FROM THE U.N. DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TO THE PARIS AGREEMENT: EMBEDDING INDIGENOUS HUMAN RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE 94 UMKC Law Review 141 (Fall, 2025) In the face of escalating global environmental challenges, indigenous communities stand at a critical intersection--both as the stewards of the Earth's most vital ecosystems and as some of the most vulnerable populations to environmental degradation. Yet, these communities are disproportionately affected by deforestation, mining, climate change,... 2025  
Irit Ballas, Arik Moran GENERAL WILL OR PUBLIC ORDER? THE DEBATE ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY IN EARLY COLONIAL HIMALAYA, 1815-1816 43 Law and History Review 387 (August, 2025) When the British East India Company (EIC) conquered the West Himalaya region in the 1810s, it faced a critical challenge commonly encountered by colonial empires: determining the extent of intervention in intracommunity criminal matters among colonized subjects. This article examines the archived correspondence of colonial officials regarding this... 2025  
Jason J. Jarvis GEOMETRIC FEDERALISM 76 Alabama Law Review 689 (2025) Introduction. 690 I. Territorial Sovereignty and Personal Jurisdiction. 695 A. The History of Overlapping Territorial Jurisdiction Establishes the Underpinnings of Geometric Federalism. 695 B. The Founders' Federalism and the Territorial Limits of Federal Courts. 697 C. The Development of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 701 D. The Development... 2025  
Daniel Kiel GOOD FOR THIS DAY AND THIS DAY ONLY: A STUDY ON CHANGES IN COURT PERSONNEL, PRECEDENT, AND JUDICIAL LEGITIMACY 55 University of Memphis Law Review 821 (Summer, 2025) I. Introduction. 822 II. The Personnel Charge and Its Impact on Judicial Legitimacy. 825 III. Measuring the Impact of Supreme Court Transitions. 829 A. Methodology. 830 1. President and Senate. 830 2. Justice-to-Justice Comparisons. 832 3. Impact on Court Balance. 834 B. Results. 835 1. Short-Term Ideological Impact. 837 2. Long-Term Ideological... 2025  
Tracy Hresko Pearl GOVERNANCE IN THE ABSENCE OF GOVERNMENT 130 Dickinson Law Review 157 (Fall, 2025) Successfully transitioning to a world with superintelligence is perhaps the most important--and hopeful, and scary--project in human history. - Sam Altman OpenAI Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at an unprecedented pace, with generative systems exerting growing influence over social, economic, and political life. While AI offers... 2025  
Rachael Dickson HIGH HOPES: CANNABIS TRADEMARKS AT THE USPTO 21 Ohio State Technology Law Journal 1 (2025) Much has changed in the cannabis market and legal landscape since California first legalized marijuana in 1996 in defiance of the plant's Schedule I status under the Controlled Substances Act. Almost three decades later, the U.S. cannabis industry is estimated to reach a market size of over $45.35 billion in 2025. Although the federal government... 2025  
M. Alexander Pearl HOMELANDS NOT GRAVEYARDS 71 UCLA Law Review 1706 (July, 2025) Within the last five years, the U.S. Supreme Court has taken up several transformative cases affecting Native nations and federal Indian law jurisprudence. The Supreme Court's decision in Arizona v. Navajo Nation is no different. This Article examines that decision and situates it within that legal history as well as the realities of present-day... 2025  
Troy J.H. Andrade HO'OKU'IKAHI: RECONCILING LAND DISPOSSESSION, CULTURE, HISTORY, AND LAW IN HAWAI'I 47 University of Hawaii Law Review 335 (Spring, 2025) Hawai'i's story is one like many other Indigenous communities across the globe: a colonizing regime actively assisted in the dispossession of land and illegal overthrow of another internationally recognized sovereign government. This Article examines the ongoing struggle for reparative action for the injustices against Native Hawaiians, Hawai'i's... 2025  
Katrina Zhu HOW DOES AN IMMIGRANT BECOME AN "AMERICAN"? EXCLUSION AND ASSIMILATION IN U.S. NATURALIZATION LAW 72 UCLA Law Review 298 (May, 2025) Ugly fears of unassimilated immigrants have persisted throughout American history, influencing immigration law for centuries. From Chinese exclusion in the late 1800s, to President Trump's Muslim ban in 2017, to his continued emphasis on securing our borders today, American history is rich with examples of exclusionary immigration policies. Though... 2025  
Josefina M. D. Garcia HOW JOINT MANAGEMENT OF THE FENA VALLEY RESERVOIR FURTHERS THE COOPERATIVE ENDEAVOUR TOWARDS SELF-DETERMINATION OF THE PEOPLE OF GUAM 15 Arizona Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 122 (Spring, 2025) The Fena Valley Reservoir and Wastewater Treatment Plant is one of the remaining utility systems in Guam wholly owned and managed by the Navy. The Navy maintains these systems to support its military installations, while selling treated water to the local government. The transfer to the local government stands to demonstrate an ongoing cooperative... 2025  
Robert Knowles HOW LOCHNERISM ENDS 56 Seton Hall Law Review 65 (2025) The Roberts Court's aggressive push for deregulation--often called New Lochnerism--seems ascendant in constitutional jurisprudence. The Court has revived Lochner-era judicial activism--dismantling bases for agency power, constitutionalizing free-market principles via the First Amendment, and using novel interpretive doctrines to curb the reach of... 2025  
Dolace McLean HOW TO KEEP AN EMPIRE: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAINTENANCE OF UNEVEN POWER RELATIONS IN THE INSULAR CASES 54 Stetson Law Review 433 (Spring, 2025) The Insular Cases are indeed running amok as Christina Ponsa-Kraus recently declaimed. A series of cases decided by the U.S. Supreme Court between 1901 and 1922, the Insular Cases, were inspired by the kind of overt racism that any conscionable American should find reprehensible. And yet, this Article posits that the Insular Cases, racism... 2025  
Mugambi Jouet HUMANITY, RACE, AND INDIGENEITY IN CRIMINAL SENTENCING: SOCIAL CHANGE IN AMERICA, CANADA, EUROPE, AUSTRALIA, AND NEW ZEALAND 48 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 188 (2025) The role of systemic racism in criminal justice is a growing matter of debate in modern Western democracies. The United States has garnered the most attention given the salience of its racial issues and the disproportionate attention that American society garners around the world. This has obscured major developments in Canadian society with great... 2025  
Karen “Kara” Consalo IF NOT HERE, THEN WHERE? THE CASE FOR LAND REPARATIONS IN EATONVILLE, FLORIDA 34 Southern California Review of Law & Social Justice 171 (Spring, 2025) C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS I. HISTORY OF BLACK LAND OWNERSHIP AND LAND LOSS IN AMERICA. 172 II. EATONVILLE, FLORIDA: The Town That Freedom Built. 178 III. ASSEMBLY OF THE HUNGERFORD LANDS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE HUNGERFORD NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. 182 IV. FORCED SALE OF THE HUNGERFORD SCHOOL LANDS. 189 V. COMMUNITY ATTEMPTS TO REGAIN THE... 2025  
Troy J.H. Andrade, Naomi K. Schubert IF WALLS COULD TALK: 150 YEARS OF CHANGE AT ALI'IŌLANI HALE 29-OCT Hawaii Bar Journal 4 (October, 2025) Many historic buildings dot the capital city of Honolulu. Most famous perhaps of these treasures of the past is 'Iolani Palace--the home of the Kalkaua dynasty. Yet, across the street, often mistaken for the Palace, and best known as the backdrop for the lei-draped statue of Kamehameha I or its cameo as the headquarters of the fictional Hawaii... 2025  
Stella Burch Elias IMMIGRATION FEDERALISM IN THE SECOND TRUMP ADMINISTRATION 61 Idaho Law Review 291 (2025) This Article explores the ongoing transformation of state and local engagement in immigration-related rulemaking in the United States during the Second Trump Administration. The Article examines the myriad ways in which federal executive actions and state responses to those actions, alongside independent state actions and the federal government's... 2025  
Margot E. Kaminski , Gianclaudio Malgieri IMPACTED STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION IN AI AND DATA GOVERNANCE 27 Yale Journal of Law and Technology 247 (2025) Privacy law has long centered on the individual. But we observe a meaningful shift toward group harm and rights. There is growing recognition that data-driven practices, including the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, affect not just atomized individuals but also their neighborhoods and communities, including and... 2025  
Natalie Gomez-Velez INCLUDING THE U.S. TERRITORIES IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW COURSE: IMPERATIVES AND CHALLENGES 54 Stetson Law Review 391 (Spring, 2025) For more than a century, the United States has held five territories as colonies in an ambiguous, separate, and unequal status. More than four million U.S. citizens reside in these territories and are ruled by the United States without the right to vote for the President or representation in Congress. This is because the Plessy v. Ferguson -era... 2025  
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