AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKey Terms
Dana Lloyd, Assistant Professor of Global Interdisciplinary Studies, Villanova University STORYTELLING AND THE HIGH COUNTRY: READING LYNG v. NORTHWEST INDIAN CEMETERY PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION (1988) 36 Journal of Law and Religion 181 (August, 2021) In Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association, 485 U.S. 439 (1988), the Supreme Court declared constitutional the Forest Service's development plan in an area of the Six Rivers National Forest (known as the High Country) that is central to the religious practice of the Yurok, Karuk, and Tolowa Nations. The Court admitted that [i]t is... 2021  
James Pollack , Frank Sturges STRUGGLING TO FIND A RAPANOS NEXUS: MAUI AND THE EXPANSION OF CLEAN WATER ACT REGULATION 48 Ecology Law Quarterly 49 (2021) The Supreme Court has long struggled to define the scope of federal jurisdiction over pollution control under the Clean Water Act (CWA). During the Court's last term, that issue returned to the forefront in County of Maui, Hawaii v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund. The case involved pollution from a wastewater treatment facility that reached the Pacific Ocean... 2021  
Matthew B. Lawrence SUBORDINATION AND SEPARATION OF POWERS 131 Yale Law Journal 78 (October, 2021) This Article calls for the incorporation of antisubordination into separation-of-powers analysis. Scholars analyzing separation-of-powers tools-- laws and norms that divide power among government actors--consider a long list of values ranging from protecting liberty to promoting efficiency. Absent from this list are questions of equity:... 2021  
Heather J. Tanana, John C. Ruple SYNCHING SCIENCE AND POLICY TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE IN TRIBAL COMMUNITIES 36-FALL Natural Resources & Environment 37 (Fall, 2021) Climate change is a global environmental problem, and within the United States, the adverse impacts of our changing climate are falling disproportionately on minority and low-income communities. Native Americans and tribal communities are being impacted in unique ways because of their long and deep ties to landscapes that are subject to rapid... 2021  
Ruqaiijah Yearby , Seema Mohapatra SYSTEMIC RACISM, THE GOVERNMENT'S PANDEMIC RESPONSE, AND RACIAL INEQUITIES IN COVID-19 70 Emory Law Journal 1419 (2021) During the COVID-19 pandemic, federal and state governments have disregarded racial and ethnic minorities' unequal access to employment and health care, which has resulted in racial inequities in infections and deaths. In addition, they have enacted laws that further exacerbate these inequities. Consequently, many racial and ethnic minorities are... 2021  
Andrew Hammond TERRITORIAL EXCEPTIONALISM AND THE AMERICAN WELFARE STATE 119 Michigan Law Review 1639 (June, 2021) Federal law excludes millions of American citizens from crucial public benefits simply because they live in the United States territories. If the Social Security Administration determines a low-income individual has a disability, that person can move to another state and continue to receive benefits. But if that person moves to, say, Guam or the... 2021  
Jeff Todd THE (DE)MYSTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE: A DRAMATISTIC ANALYSIS OF LAW 93 Temple Law Review 597 (Spring, 2021) Although Kenneth Burke is the preeminent rhetorician of the modern era, and his theories have been applied to issues of social change and the environment (including by legal scholars), the role of justice and law in his critical method of dramatism have received only passing treatment. This Article is therefore the first in any discipline to... 2021  
William Wood THE (POTENTIAL) LEGAL HISTORY OF INDIAN GAMING 63 Arizona Law Review 969 (Winter 2021) Indian gaming--casinos owned, operated, and regulated by Indian tribes--has been a transformative force for many Indigenous nations over the past few decades. The conventional narrative is that Indian gaming began when the Seminole Tribe of Florida opened a bingo hall in 1979, other tribes began operating bingo, litigation ensued across the... 2021  
Matthew Doyle , University of Sussex THE CASE OF PIRUANI: CONTESTED JUSTICE, LEGAL PLURALISM, AND INDIGENEITY IN HIGHLAND BOLIVIA 44 PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 60 (May, 2021) The 2009 Bolivian constitution included provisions that establish a radical form of de jure legal pluralism by creating a parallel legal system that gives full recognition to the nonstate legal orders and forms of conflict resolution of Indigenous communities. This article examines how a land dispute within a Bolivian highland Indigenous community... 2021  
The Honorable Bradley Letts, Senior Resident Superior Court Judge THE CHEROKEE TRIBAL COURT: ITS ORIGINS AND ITS PLACE IN THE AMERICAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM 43 Campbell Law Review 47 (Winter, 2021) I. Introduction. 48 II. The Cherokee Court. 49 A. The Cherokee Court Established in 1820. 49 B. Courts of Indian Offenses in Indian Country. 51 C. The Establishment of the CFR Court in Cherokee. 55 D. The Reestablishment of the Cherokee Tribal Court. 58 III. Tribal Court Exhaustion. 61 A. The Doctrine of Tribal Court Exhaustion. 61 B. The Cherokee... 2021  
Samantha J. Merrill THE CHRONIC EFFECT OF "KILL THE INDIAN SAVE THE MAN": AN ANALYSIS OF DREAMING BEAR v. FLEMING 66 South Dakota Law Review 361 (2021) The District Court of South Dakota has found that the wearing of cultural regalia is a protected First Amendment Expression, but that such an expression can be prohibited at a graduation ceremony based on the pedagogical interests of a public high school. The District Court found, in the case of Dreaming Bear v. Fleming, the Dataphase factors did... 2021  
Madhu Narasimhan THE CONFLICT OF LAWS IN INDIA: INTER-TERRITORIAL AND INTER-PERSONAL CONFLICT. SECOND EDITION. BY V.C. GOVINDARAJ. NEW DELHI, INDIA: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2019. PP. VIII, 436. $65.00 (HARDCOVER) 53 New York University Journal of International Law & Politics 1098 (Summer, 2021) In his sweeping treatise, The Conflict of Laws in India: Inter-Territorial and Inter-Personal Conflict, V.C. Govindaraj lays out the approaches of the Indian courts and legislature to issues in the field of conflict of laws. Govindaraj notes that he chose to publish a second edition--the first edition of the book was released in September 2011--due... 2021  
Emily Hudson THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT 47 Ohio Northern University Law Review 359 (2021) The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) was passed in 1978 as a response to the disproportionate removal of Indian children from their homes compared to non-Indian children. It was found that this was disproportionality in part because judges and child welfare workers did not understand Indian culture-which led to prejudicial attitudes and the higher... 2021  
William Hall, Saikrishna Bangalore Prakash THE CONSTITUTION'S FIRST DECLARED WAR: THE NORTHWESTERN CONFEDERACY WAR OF 1790-95 107 Virginia Law Review 119 (March, 2021) What counts as the first presidential war--the practice of Presidents waging war without prior congressional sanction? In the wake of President Donald Trump's attacks on Syria, the Office of Legal Counsel opined that unilateral presidential war-making dates back 230 years, to George Washington. The Office claimed that the first President waged war... 2021  
James L. Crawford THE CONTINUED PERSECUTION OF THE KURDISH PEOPLE IN TURKEY 45 American Indian Law Review 327 (2021) Kurds have no friends but the mountains. --Kurdish Proverb On September 13, 2007, the General Assembly adopted the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) by an overwhelming majority. The UNDRIP was a product of over two decades of negotiations. In response to the Assembly's adoption of the UNDRIP, Les Malezer, a... 2021  
Charles J. Russo, M.Div., J.D., Ed.D. , William E. Thro, M.A., J.D. THE DEMISE OF THE BLAINE AMENDMENT AND A TRIUMPH FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND SCHOOL CHOICE: ESPINOZA v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE 46 University of Dayton Law Review 131 (Spring, 2021) I. Introduction. 132 II. A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court's Jurisprudence on State Aid to Faith-Based Schools and Their Students Prior to Espinoza. 133 A. Generally. 133 B. The Emergence of the Child Benefit Test. 134 C. The Nadir of The Child Benefit Test. 135 D. Rejuvenation of the Child Benefit Test. 136 III. Tuition Tax Credits. 141 A.... 2021  
Andie B. Netherland THE DISPROPORTIONATE EFFECT ON NATIVE AMERICAN WOMEN OF EXTENDING THE FEDERAL INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER ACT TO INCLUDE A WOMAN'S CONDUCT AGAINST HER CHILD IN UTERO: UNITED STATES v. FLUTE 45 American Indian Law Review 191 (2021) I raise up my voice--not so that I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard .. We cannot all succeed when half of us are held back. --Malala Yousafzai Samantha Flute, a Native American woman, was charged with committing involuntary manslaughter against her newborn baby boy after it was revealed that she took over-the-counter and... 2021  
Michael Coenen , Scott M. Sullivan THE ELUSIVE ZONE OF TWILIGHT 62 Boston College Law Review 741 (March, 2021) Introduction. 743 I. The Twilight Zone's Emergence. 748 A. The Origins of Justice Jackson's Concurrence. 748 B. Post-Youngstown Guidance. 753 1. Dames & Moore v. Regan. 754 2. American Insurance Association v. Garamendi. 756 3. Medellín v. Texas. 758 II. Twilight-Zone Engagement. 760 A. Silence as Authorization. 762 B. Silence as Acquiescence. 765... 2021  
Eric L. Jensen , Aaron Stancik THE EMERGING CANNABIS INDUSTRY AMONG NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES: JURISDICTIONAL COMPLEXITIES AND POLICY IN WASHINGTON STATE 57 Idaho Law Review 325 (2021) The pace of changes in state-level cannabis policies in the United States has accelerated since the mid-1990s. While many states have decriminalized the possession of small amounts of cannabis and have allowed cannabis to be used for various medicinal purposes, the most recent landmark change has been the legalization of recreational cannabis.... 2021  
Eunice Lee THE END OF ENTRY FICTION 99 North Carolina Law Review 565 (March, 2021) Although entry fiction emerged in immigration and constitutional law over a century ago, the doctrine has yet to account for present-day carceral and technological realities. Under entry fiction, arriving immigrants stopped at the border are deemed unentered and not here for constitutional due process purposes, even in detention centers... 2021  
Benjamen Franklen Gussen , Sahar Araghi The Engineers Case Centenary: SCOTUS and the Origins of Australia's Scabrous Constitutional Signature 10 British Journal of American Legal Studies 27 (Spring, 2021) Since the Engineers Case decision in 1920, the role of the United States Constitution in interpreting the Australian Constitution has been diminished, leading to inefficiencies in High Court of Australia (HCA) dealing with constitutional issues. To explain this thesis, the article looks at the 7,657 cases decided by the HCA, from the first case in... 2021  
Emily Bergeron THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE NEXT FOUR YEARS 46 Human Rights 22 (2021) In the next four years, we must not only bring back eliminated rules, but enact better laws; create a more concrete climate response; enact more specific environmental justice legislation; and consider the broader implications of environmental law on indigenous populations. In 1995, after a 70-year absence, biologists reintroduced wolves into... 2021  
Carl H. Esbeck THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE: ITS ORIGINAL PUBLIC MEANING AND WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM THE PLAIN TEXT 22 Federalist Society Review 26 (February 3, 2021) Note from the Editor: The Federalist Society takes no positions on particular legal and public policy matters. Any expressions of opinion are those of the author. Whenever we publish an article that advocates for a particular position, we offer links to other perspectives on the issue, including ones opposed to the position taken in the article. We... 2021  
Mary Margaret L. Kirchner THE EXECUTION OF LEZMOND MITCHELL: AN ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL INDIAN LAW, CRIMINAL JURISDICTION, AND THE DEATH PENALTY AS APPLIED TO NATIVE AMERICANS 25 Lewis & Clark Law Review 649 (2021) Capital punishment is controversial in American society. It is the junction where moral standards and punishment for the most severe crimes crash together head on. As society has evolved, so have the expectations, requirements, and norms for capital punishment. In the history of the United States, capital punishment, commonly referred to as the... 2021  
Joel West Williams THE FAR END OF THE TRAIL OF TEARS: MCGIRT v. OKLAHOMA 68-FEB Federal Lawyer 12 (January/February, 2021) It has always been part of the Oklahoma creation myth that Indian reservations are fundamentally incompatible with Oklahoma statehood. The state's narrative--and sometimes that of federal officials--has been that Indian reservations were disestablished to pave the way for Oklahoma's admission to the Union. The U.S. Supreme Court's recent decision... 2021  
David M. Golove , Daniel J. Hulsebosch THE FEDERALIST CONSTITUTION AS A PROJECT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 89 Fordham Law Review 1841 (April, 2021) The simple circumstance, that your Constitution forces international law on you, as an integral part of your studies . is, in my opinion, an advantage far beyond that of our superior accuracy (if we have it) in our own common law, acquired by the comparatively narrow range of our studies. --Sir John Taylor Coleridge to Joseph Story When early... 2021  
Alejandro J. Anselmi González THE FLAG CAN TRAVEL BUT THE CONSTITUTION MUST ASK PERMISSION: HOW THE FIRST CIRCUIT AND THE DISTRICT FOR PUERTO RICO COMMIT TO EQUAL PROTECTION WITHOUT ABANDONING THE INSULAR CASES DOCTRINE 53 University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 87 (Winter/Spring, 2021) For American citizens, one of the most important safeguards guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States is the equal protection of the law. The United States prides itself on the doctrine and jurisprudence of equal protection because of the social progression achieved since the end of the Civil War. The Reconstruction Amendments to the... 2021  
Alana K. Bevan THE FUNDAMENTAL INADEQUACY OF TRIBE-AGENCY CONSULTATION ON MAJOR FEDERAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS 6 University of Pennsylvania Journal of Law & Public Affairs 561 (March, 2021) Introduction. 562 I. Consultation: The Status Quo for Tribe-Agency Engagement on Major Infrastructure Projects. 565 A. The National Historic Preservation Act. 565 B. National Environmental Policy Act. 569 C. Executive Directives. 570 1. Executive order 13,175. 571 2. Presidential memoranda on tribal consultation. 571 3. Increased presidential... 2021  
Vivien Olsen THE INDIAN CHILD WELFARE ACT: HISTORY, REFLECTIONS, AND BEST PRACTICES 90-OCT Journal of the Kansas Bar Association 40 (September/October, 2021) The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA or the Act), found at 25 U.S.C. § 1901 et seq., is not discretionary. Kansas law requires the ICWA be applied in child welfare cases that involve an Indian child. K.S.A. 38-2203(a) provides: Proceedings concerning any child who may be a child in need of care shall be governed by this code, except in those... 2021  
Zinaida Miller THE INJUSTICES OF TIME: RIGHTS, RACE, REDISTRIBUTION, AND RESPONSIBILITY 52 Columbia Human Rights Law Review 647 (Winter, 2021) Resurgent debates in U.S. law and politics over reparations and racialized inequality reflect what this Article argues is a significant transnational legal phenomenon: courts, policymakers, and social justice advocates mobilizing pasts of racial and ethnic violence and dispossession to justify competing rules for the distribution of resources and... 2021  
Roger Merino THE LAND OF NATIONS: INDIGENOUS STRUGGLES FOR PROPERTY AND TERRITORY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 115 AJIL Unbound 129 (2021) Key studies have highlighted how Western law was central to the civilizing mission of colonialism, legitimizing conquest while presenting itself as a colonizer's gift for overcoming barbarism. But law was not just an imposition to dispossess resources and accumulate labor; it was also transformed by the contestations of First Nations and the new... 2021  
Rebecca Hollander-Blumoff , Matthew T. Bodie THE MARKET AS NEGOTIATION 96 Notre Dame Law Review 1257 (January, 2021) Our economic system counts on markets to allocate most of our societal resources. The law often treats markets as discrete entities, with a native intelligence and structure that provides clear answers to questions about prices and terms. In reality, of course, markets are much messier--they are agglomerations of negotiations by individual parties.... 2021  
Keaton Barnes THE NATIONAL POPULAR VOTE ON TRIAL 74 Arkansas Law Review 495 (2021) We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That... 2021  
Patty A. Ferguson-Bohnee , Lauren van Schilfgaarde THE NEXT FOUR YEARS FOR INDIAN COUNTRY NEED HUMAN RIGHTS 46 Human Rights 16 (2021) The next four years offer an exciting opportunity to transition federal Indian policy to a human rights framework. The ongoing problems faced by Native peoples can be traced to systemic policies that undermine their basic human rights. Although efforts have been made to change policy, more must be done. The Trump administration notably lacked any... 2021  
Elizabeth A. Reese THE OTHER AMERICAN LAW 73 Stanford Law Review 555 (March, 2021) American legal scholarship focuses almost exclusively on federal, state, and local law. However, there are 574 federally recognized tribal governments within the United States, whose laws are largely ignored. This Article brings to the fore the exclusion of tribal governments and their laws from our mainstream conception of American law... 2021  
Ambassador Jonodev Chaudhuri THE PAST MAY BE PROLOGUE, BUT IT DOES NOT DICTATE OUR FUTURE: THIS IS THE MUSCOGEE (CREEK) NATION'S TABLE 56 Tulsa Law Review 369 (Spring, 2021) I. Introduction. 369 II. Muscogee (Creek) Nation's Ambassador, Chitto Harjo, Paved the Way for Our Victory in McGirt. 371 III. The Muscogee (Creek) Nation Reservation Remains Today. 373 IV. McGirt Under Attack: the Parallels to the Fights Ambassador Chitto Harjo Fought. 376 A. Private Business Interests, Then and Now. 376 B. Oklahoma Officials,... 2021  
Aman K. Gebru THE PIRACY PARADOX AND INDIGENOUS FASHION 39 Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 607 (2021) The conventional justification of intellectual property laws is that recognizing exclusive rights is indispensable for encouraging creativity. The Piracy Paradox challenged this assumption by providing strong evidence of the fashion industry's robust creativity in the face of widespread copying of designs, thereby suggesting that some types of... 2021  
Olivia Miller THE POST-CARCIERI STRUGGLE FOR TRIBAL LAND AND THE CASE OF THE MASHPEE WAMPANOAG 73 Administrative Law Review 451 (Spring, 2021) Introduction. 452 I. The Ambiguous Process of Tribal Recognition and Placing Tribal Land into Federal Trust Under the IRA and Carcieri. 457 A. Judicial Interpretation of Now in the IRA. 458 B. Judicial Interpretation of Recognized Indian Tribe and Under Federal Jurisdiction in the IRA. 460 C. DOI Guidance for the IRA. 461 II. The DOI's... 2021  
Ann M. Eisenberg, Elizabeth Kronk Warner THE PRECIPICE OF JUSTICE: EQUITY, ENERGY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN INDIAN COUNTRY AND RURAL COMMUNITIES 42 Energy Law Journal 281 (2021) Editor's Note: As the authors mention at footnote 1, the ideas presented in their essay were first shared during a panel presentation in February of this year at the at the University of Florida Levin College of Law's annual Public Interest Environmental Conference. We and the authors have described their piece as an essay and not an article... 2021  
Ian F. Tapu THE REASONABLE INDIGENOUS YOUTH STANDARD 56 Gonzaga Law Review 529 (2020/2021) C1-3Table of Contents L1-2Introduction . L3530 I. J.D.B. v. North Carolina: Opening the Door for Youth. 534 II. The Indigenous Youth Experience. 536 III. The Connection Between the Contextual Legal Framework and a Reasonable Indigenous Youth Standard. 539 IV. The Indigenous Youth Standard Already Conforms to Precedent. 541 L1-2Conclusion . L3544 2021  
Nadège Montagnon THE RECENT IDAHO SUPREME COURT RULING ON THE RESERVED RIGHTS OF THE COEUR D'ALENE RESERVATION: ANALYSIS OF THE CONSISTENCY OF THE STATE COURT CASE WITH FEDERAL LAW ON RESERVED WATER RIGHTS 57 Idaho Law Review 175 (2021) C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION. 175 II. BACKGROUND. 176 A. The Winters Case. 177 B. The New Mexico Case. 178 III. PRIOR TO THE COEUR D'ALENE DECISION. 179 A. The Broader View: The Homeland Purpose Theory. 179 B. The Narrow View: The Controlling Case Law's Rule of Primary Secondary Distinction. 181 i. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals... 2021  
John D. Bessler THE RULE OF LAW: A NECESSARY PILLAR OF FREE AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES FOR PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS 61 Santa Clara Law Review 467 (2021) This essay traces the history and development of the concept of the Rule of Law from ancient times through the present. It describes the elements of the Rule of Law and its importance to the protection of human rights in a variety of contexts, including under domestic and international law. From ancient Greece and Rome to the Enlightenment, and... 2021  
Meghan O'Connor THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR HAS THE AUTHORITY TO TAKE LAND INTO TRUST FOR FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED ALASKA TRIBES 45 American Indian Law Review 89 (2021) Acreage proves Alaska is the largest state in the United States by far, but for Alaska Natives this land, specifically trust land, has posed an issue for decades. For almost forty years, the Department of the Interior (DOI) has debated over whether the Secretary of the Interior can take land into trust in Alaska. Trust land is an important tool to... 2021  
Melanie Randall THE SHACKLED SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIM: TRAUMA, RESISTANCE, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE VIOLATIONS OF AN INDIGENOUS WOMAN 39 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality 317 (Summer, 2021) L1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 318 I. Widening the Lens: State Failures and Violence Against Indigenous Peoples and Women in Canada, the US, Australia, and New Zealand. 323 A. The Sexual and Physical Assault Perpetrated Against Angela Cardinal. 334 B. The Preliminary Inquiry. 336 i. The First Layer of Violation: Stigmatizing Ms. Cardinal as a... 2021  
Patrice H. Kunesh THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BELONGING FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: THE POWER OF PLACE AND PEOPLE--CREATING A VISION FOR COMMUNITY IN INDIAN COUNTRY THROUGH SELF-GOVERNANCE AND SELF-DETERMINATION 30 Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law 23 (2021) Indigenous peoples and communities have long used stories to understand the world and our place in it. As I wrote this article about affordable housing in Indian Country, I was brought back to the story of my grandfather's experience growing up on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation and how it profoundly changed the trajectory of our family's... 2021  
Clint Summers THE SKY WILL NOT FALL IN OKLAHOMA 56 Tulsa Law Review 471 (Spring, 2021) I. Introduction. 472 II. What Every Oklahoman Needs to Know About Native Reservations. 475 A. Lands of Violence. 476 B. An Inadequate System. 477 III. Jurisdictional Divide. 480 A. The State's Criminal Jurisdiction Powers. 480 i. Inside the Reservation. 480 ii. Outside the Reservation. 482 B. The Mvskoke Nation's Criminal Jurisdiction Powers. 482... 2021  
Ntina Tzouvala THE SPECTER OF EUROCENTRISM IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL HISTORY 31 Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities 413 (Winter, 2021) Some words struggle amongst themselves as enemies. Other words are the site of an ambiguity: the stake in a decisive but undecided battle. - Louis Althusser, Lenin and Philosophy Introduction. 413 I. International Legal History and the Perils of Eurocentrism. 416 II. Toward a Radical Critique of Eurocentrism for International Law. 421 III.... 2021  
Kallen Burton Snodgrass THE STATE OF THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY IN OKLAHOMA: THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY MOVING FORWARD POST MCGIRT/MURPHY 7 One J: Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal 249 (August, 2021) Historically, the oil and natural gas industry has solidified a predominate presence in the state of Oklahoma, along with the nation. In the years between 1900 and 1935 Oklahoma ranked first among the Mid-Continent states in oil production; and for nine additional years ranked second. In the course of that period Oklahoma produced 906,012,375... 2021  
Daniel Franz THE SUBDELEGATION DOCTRINE AS A LEGAL TOOL FOR ESTABLISHING TRIBAL COMANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC LANDS: THROUGH THE LENS OF BEARS EARS NATIONAL MONUMENT 32 Colorado Natural Resources, Energy & Environmental Law Review 1 (Winter, 2021) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 2 I. Tribal Comanagement and Bears Ears. 5 a. Cultural and Historical Connections Between the Tribes and Bears Ears. 5 b. Tribal Participation and Comanagement under the Obama Proclamation. 7 c. Tribal Participation and Comanagement under the Trump Reduction. 13 II. The Legal Ins and Outs of the Subdelegation... 2021  
Dylan Hartsook THE SUPREME COURT OF WASHINGTON'S BROAD INTERPRETATION OF THE "REASON TO KNOW" STANDARD IN IN RE DEPENDENCY OF Z.J.G. AND WHY A UNIFORM, BROAD INTERPRETATION OF THE STANDARD WILL LEAD TO BETTER OUTCOMES 45 American Indian Law Review 387 (2021) Congress enacted the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (ICWA) to remedy the widespread and disparate removal of Indian Children from their unique cultures. Around the time ICWA was enacted, a survey of sixteen states showed approximately 85 percent of all Indian children in foster care were living in non-Indian homes. ICWA provides standards for... 2021  
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