| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Key Terms |
| Henry J. Richardson, III |
Two Treaties, and Global Influences of the American Civil Rights Movement, Through the Black International Tradition |
18 Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 59 (Fall 2010) |
Introduction. 59 I. Identifying the Black International Tradition. 61 A. Influences of Outside Mass Struggles by Peoples of Color. 62 B. Examples of the global impact of the American Civil Rights Movement. 66 II. The Impact of Two Key Treaties on African-American Collective Debates on the Best Route Towards Liberation. 67 A. The Berlin Conference... |
2010 |
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| Lieutenant Commander Joan M. Malik |
United States Environmental Law Applied in the Arctic Ocean: Frustrating the Balance of the Law of the Sea, National Sovereignty, and International Collaboration Efforts |
60 Naval Law Review 41 (2010) |
Climate change evidence brings images of polar bears and their once ice-covered ocean spaces of the Polar Regions to the forefront of the minds of people throughout the world. Dire concern of opened polar oceans free of ice by as early as 2013, with commentary of faster-melting ice than once predicted, flies across the newswire every day. U.S.... |
2010 |
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| Arturo C. Porzecanski |
When Bad Things Happen to Good Sovereign Debt Contracts: the Case of Ecuador |
73-FALL Law and Contemporary Problems 251 (Fall 2010) |
Multinational corporations were meant to be reassured by the protections incorporated into bilateral and regional investment agreements. However, judging from the growing number of claims filed with the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and other arbitration vehicles-- more than three hundred and fifty treaty-based,... |
2010 |
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| G.M. Filisko |
When Global Families Fail |
96-JUL ABA Journal 56 (July, 2010) |
Christopher Savoie got the kind of telephone call that terrifies a parent on Aug. 12, 2008. The school where his two young children attended classes wanted him to know that they had not shown up that day. But Savoie's first thought was not that Isaac and Rebecca had been victimized by some stranger. Instead, he rushed over to his ex-wife's home not... |
2010 |
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| Jason Carter |
Who's Virus Is it Anyway? How the World Health Organization Can Protect Against Claims of "Viral Sovereignty" |
38 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 717 (2010) |
On June 11, 2009, just two months after the first cases of H1N1 (the Swine Flu) were reported, Margaret Chan, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) officially confirmed the news that many in the international health community had feared. Ladies and gentlemen, she began, The virus is entirely new. [It] is contagious,... |
2010 |
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| John T. Parry |
A Primer on Treaties and § 1983 after Medellín v. Texas |
13 Lewis & Clark Law Review 35 (Spring 2009) |
The majority opinion in Medellín v. Texas contains a number of statements to the effect that treaties are not equal to federal statutes and that courts should presume that treaties do not create private rights. This Article analyzes the impact of those statements on the ability of plaintiffs to bring actions under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for the... |
2009 |
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| Jacob Stoehr |
A Question of Sovereignty, Development, and Natural Resources: a New Standard for Binding Third Party Nonsignatory Governments to Arbitration |
66 Washington and Lee Law Review 1409 (Summer, 2009) |
C1-3Table of Contents I. Introduction. 1410 II. International Commercial Arbitration in U.S. Courts. 1413 A. The Federal Arbitration Act and the New York Convention. 1415 B. The TPN Problem as Applied in U.S. Courts. 1418 III. Bridas and ChevronTexaco. 1422 A. Bridas and Turkmenistan. 1423 B. ChevronTexaco and Ecuador. 1426 IV. Current Shortfalls... |
2009 |
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| Mary Christina Wood |
Advancing the Sovereign Trust of Government to Safeguard the Environment for Present and Future Generations (Part I): Ecological Realism and the Need for a Paradigm Shift |
39 Environmental Law 43 (Winter 2009) |
Modern environmental law has proved a colossal failure, despite the good intentions and the hard work of many citizens, lawyers, and government officials. Notwithstanding the most extensive and complex set of legal mandates the world has ever known, government is driving runaway greenhouse gas emissions and resource depletion. Agencies use the... |
2009 |
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| Mary Christina Wood |
Advancing the Sovereign Trust of Government to Safeguard the Environment for Present and Future Generations (Part Ii): Instilling a Fiduciary Obligation in Governance |
39 Environmental Law 91 (Winter 2009) |
This Article is the second part of a two-part work that highlights the fiduciary obligation of government emanating from the public trust doctrine of environmental law. This Part explores the measurable standards of performance for protecting vital natural assets in the people's trust as carried out within the modern framework of administrative... |
2009 |
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| Brian Kane , Idaho Office of the Attorney General |
All in and a Call: Has Online Poker Raised State Sovereignty Stakes? |
52-OCT Advocate 39 (October, 2009) |
With the introduction of a small innovation that allowed observers to know what cards the players were holding without the other players at the table knowing, Texas Hold-Em Poker became the Cadillac of gambling. Turn on the television on virtually any night and you can not only see poker being played by the best in the world, but you are also... |
2009 |
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| Molly Watson |
An Arctic Treaty: a Solution to the International Dispute over the Polar Region |
14 Ocean and Coastal Law Journal 307 (2009) |
The melting of the polar ice caps in the Arctic region has resulted in an international battle over Arctic territory and its vast natural resources. Five Arctic nations are claiming rights to overlapping territory and there is no evident legal resolution to their competing interests. Four of these five states have ratified the United Nations... |
2009 |
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| Stephan Leibfried, Karin van Elderen |
And They Shall Beat Their Swords into Plowshares--the Dutch Genesis of a European Icon and the German Fate of the Treaty of Lisbon |
10 German Law Journal 1297 (8/1/2009) |
For my grandparents Europe meant peace, for my parents prosperity, for my generation it stands for some practical advantages like traveling without border controls and stipends to study abroad. The poster All Our Colours to the Mast by Dutch artist Reyn Dirksen has served as an icon of European integration since the 1950s, when it won first prize... |
2009 |
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| Hans H. Hertell |
Arctic Melt: the Tipping Point for an Arctic Treaty |
21 Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 565 (Spring, 2009) |
C1-3Contents I. Introduction. 565 II. The Nature of the Threat. 567 III. The International Legal Regime. 570 A. International Treaties. 570 1. The Law of the Sea. 571 2. Other Binding Treaties. 575 B. Cooperative Agreements. 575 1. The Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy. 576 2. The Arctic Council. 577 3. The Polar Guidelines. 579 IV.... |
2009 |
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| Steven Menashi |
Article Iii as a Constitutional Compromise: Modern Textualism and State Sovereign Immunity |
84 Notre Dame Law Review 1135 (March, 2009) |
This Article challenges the scholarly consensus that a textualist reading of the Constitution cannot support a broad constitutional principle of state sovereign immunity. In doing so, it develops a fuller account of textualist constitutional interpretation, recognizing that the original public meaning of a text may be informed by commonly held... |
2009 |
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| Bruce Winfield Bean |
Attack of the Sovereign Wealth Funds: Defending the Republic from the Threat of Sovereign Wealth Funds? |
18 Michigan State Journal of International Law 65 (2009) |
I. The Threat from Sovereign Wealth Funds. 67 II. The Evolution and Development of Sovereign Wealth Funds. 70 A. What is a Sovereign Wealth Fund?. 70 B. When Did Sovereign Wealth Funds Appear?. 72 C. Why Were Sovereign Wealth Funds Established?. 73 D. Why Is the Spotlight Now on Sovereign Wealth Funds?. 73 E. Explaining the Explosion in Disclosed... |
2009 |
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| Carlos Perez-Gautrin |
Basic Introduction to Tax Treaties |
17 Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution 157 (2009) |
I. What is a Tax Treaty?. 158 II. Hierarchy of Tax Treaties vs. Domestic Law. 158 A. United States Approach. 158 B. European Union Approach. 159 C. Mexico Approach. 159 III. Tax Information Exchange Agreements. 160 IV. Drafting of Tax Treaties. 160 A. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Model. 160 B. United Nations Model. 161 C.... |
2009 |
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| Takele Soboka Bulto |
Between Ambivalence and Necessity: Occlusions on the Path Toward a Basin-wide Treaty in the Nile Basin |
20 Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 291 (Summer 2009) |
While the Nile riparian states are engaged in legal, political, and doctrinal wrangling pertaining to state sovereignty on the way to a basin-wide agreement over the equitable allocation of their common waters, each day brings a heavy but avertable cost on the lives, security, and economic and environmental well-being of the tenth of the African... |
2009 |
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| Rogers M. Smith |
Beyond Sovereignty and Uniformity: the Challenges for Equal Citizenship in the Twenty-first Century |
122 Harvard Law Review 907 (January, 2009) |
Virtually everyone who will read these words was born in the latter two-thirds of the twentieth century. Our formative experiences during those years have led most of us to think about American citizenship in two ways that are not wrong, but are partly misleading, and are now changing. We tend to think of American citizenship as membership in a... |
2009 |
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| Paul Horwitz |
Churches as First Amendment Institutions: of Sovereignty and Spheres |
44 Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 79 (Winter 2009) |
This Article offers a novel way of approaching the role of churches and other religious entities within the framework of the First Amendment. Beyond that, it offers a broader organizing structure for the legal treatment of First Amendment institutions --entities whose fundamental role in shaping and contributing to public discourse entitles them... |
2009 |
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| Professor Mark J. Wolff |
Cogressional Unilateral Tax Treaty Overrides: the "Latter in Time Doctrine" Is out of Time! |
9 Florida Tax Review 699 (2009) |
The current form of globalization has resulted in greater global economic integration and liberalization, political openness, and cultural and social acceptance. As the world economy continues to weaken national economic orders, and as nations become more dependent upon international trade, good relations between nations may provide greater global... |
2009 |
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| José A. Gutierrez-Fons |
Comparing Supremacy: Sovereign Immunity of States in the United States and Non-contractual State Liability in the European Union |
28 Penn State International Law Review 199 (Fall 2009) |
I. The Principle of Sovereign Immunity of States Under U.S. Law. 203 A. Concept. 203 B. Legal Basis of State Sovereign Immunity. 204 C. Why Has the U.S. Supreme Court Endorsed States' Immunity?. 212 D. Alternative Remedies. 215 1. United States as a Plaintiff. 216 2. Suits for Prospective Relief: Ex parte Young. 217 3. Suits for Retrospective... |
2009 |
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| John T. Parry |
Congress, the Supremacy Clause, and the Implementation of Treaties |
32 Fordham International Law Journal 1209 (April, 2009) |
The President has power to make treaties with the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate. Once made, the Supremacy Clause declares treaties the supreme law of the land. One might therefore assume treaties have the same status in the U.S. legal system as federal statutes; once adopted, they operate as law for all relevant purposes. One... |
2009 |
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| Anthony J. Colangelo |
Double Jeopardy and Multiple Sovereigns: a Jurisdictional Theory |
86 Washington University Law Review 769 (2009) |
This Article offers a coherent way of thinking about double jeopardy rules among sovereigns. Its theory has strong explanatory power for current double jeopardy law and practice in both U.S. federal and international legal systems, recommends adjustments to double jeopardy doctrine in both systems, and sharpens normative assessment of that... |
2009 |
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| Charlton C. Copeland |
Ex Parte Young: Sovereignty, Immunity, and the Constitutional Structure of American Federalism |
40 University of Toledo Law Review 843 (Summer 2009) |
THE U.S. Supreme Court's recent state-immunity jurisprudence requires reconsideration. The call for reconsideration does not stem from an absolutist rejection of all forms of state autonomy or immunity, but rather from a fear that the Court's immunity jurisprudence is dislodged from its role in the enforcement of the federalism structure of... |
2009 |
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| James Bongiorno |
Fair Use of Copyrighted Images after Perfect 10 v. Amazon.com: Diverging from Constitutional Principles & United States Treaty Obligations |
12 Touro International Law Review 107 (2009) |
It has often been said that one picture is worth a thousand words, but the truth of that adage may rest with the individual viewing a particular picture or image. One may view an image only to find it holds no artistry or meaning, and deem its expressive value to merit a single derogatory comment, whereas another person may perceive a message... |
2009 |
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| John J. Chung |
From Feudal Land Contracts to Financial Derivatives: the Treatment of Status Through Specific Relief |
29 Review of Banking and Financial Law 107 (Fall, 2009) |
In sorting through the aftermath of the global economic collapse, one conclusion has emerged regarding its cause: Financial derivatives were at the root of the crisis. It is now widely believed, with the obvious benefit of hindsight, that the failure to regulate derivatives was responsible to a large extent for the collapse, and calls for reform... |
2009 |
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| Tara J. Melish |
From Paradox to Subsidiarity: the United States and Human Rights Treaty Bodies |
34 Yale Journal of International Law 389 (Summer 2009) |
I. Introduction. 390 II. Legal Context: The Human Rights Framework Applicable to the United States. 395 III. Supervisory Treaty Body System and the Scope of U.S. Engagement. 404 A. Periodic Reporting Process. 405 B. Individual and Collective Complaint Procedures and Precautionary Measures. 410 C. Other Promotional Mechanisms. 415 IV. Interest... |
2009 |
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| Ashley Dose |
Government Endorsement of Living on a Prayer |
30 Journal of Legal Medicine 515 (October-December, 2009) |
Douglas and Rita Swan were life-long adherents of Christian Science until the tragic and preventable death of their 15-month-old son, Matthew. Christian Science is a religious denomination that promotes spiritual healing as a practical expression of Christian living. Although spiritual healing is the preferred method of treatment, Christian Science... |
2009 |
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| Allen Mendenhall |
Haunted by History's Ghostly Gaps: a Literary Critique of the Dred Scott Decision and its Historical Treatments |
1 Georgetown Journal of Law & Modern Critical Race Perspectives 259 (Fall, 2009) |
In his opinion for the majority, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney eliminates Dred Scott the man from the text and divests Scott of a body, thereby transforming him into a sort of incorporeal ghost that signals the traces and tropes of slavery. Subsequent historians, journalists, and politicians have made Scott even more inaccessible by either relying... |
2009 |
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| Zvi S. Rosen |
In Search of the Trade-mark Cases: the Nascent Treaty Power and the Turbulent Origins of Federal Trademark Law |
83 Saint John's Law Review 827 (Summer 2009) |
For the past hundred and thirty years, the Supreme Court's unanimous opinion in the Trade-Mark Cases --which invalidated the federal trademark laws enacted from 1870 through 1876 on constitutional grounds--has stood as one of the few cases to opine on the scope of the Intellectual Property Clause of the United States Constitution. The Court held... |
2009 |
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| Kristen A. Carpenter |
Interpretive Sovereignty: a Research Agenda |
33 American Indian Law Review 111 (2008-2009) |
In federal Indian law, the treaty operates as our foundational legal text. Reflecting centuries-old historical political arrangements between Indian nations and the United States, treaties remain vital legal instruments that decide dozens of legal cases each year. Yet, these treaties-originally drafted in English by the federal government,... |
2009 |
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| Trevor Cutaiar |
Lane ex Rel. Lane v. Halliburton: the Fifth Circuit's Recent Treatment of the Political Question Doctrine and What it Could Mean for Comer v. Murphy Oil |
55 Loyola Law Review 393 (Summer 2009) |
It was widely reported as the Good Friday Massacre. Although the term might cause twentieth century American historians to think of the schoolbook images of bloodshed between Native Americans and English settlers in colonial Jamestown, the United States' recent presence in Iraq and the United States military's financial conscription of civilian... |
2009 |
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| David H. Moore |
Law(makers) of the Land: the Doctrine of Treaty Non-self-execution |
122 Harvard Law Review Forum 32 (January, 2009) |
Last year, in Medellín v. Texas, the Supreme Court handed down its most important decision on the domestic status of treaties in almost two hundred years. The Court concluded that the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) judgment in the Case Concerning Avena and Other Mexican Nationals is not binding federal law because the treaties rendering the... |
2009 |
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| Timothy A. Canova |
Lincoln's Populist Sovereignty: Public Finance Of, By, and for the People |
12 Chapman Law Review 561 (Spring 2009) |
In recent months, there has been a resurgence of interest in the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, in no small part because a new president, also from Illinois, has openly and repeatedly identified with and invoked Lincoln. Academic interest in Lincoln has mostly focused on the darker side of wartime presidential powers, such as the suspension of... |
2009 |
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| Gloria Patricia Gaviria Blanco , Diana M. Faraclas |
Monetary Sovereignty and the Dollarization of Latin-american Economies |
18-WTR Currents: International Trade Law Journal L.J. 4 (Winter, 2009) |
Traditionally, under the concept of monetary sovereignty, it is presumed that each country has the exclusive authority to regulate every aspect of its currency, including any factor that may affect it internally or externally. However, in Latin America, management of currency affairs has not escaped the process of internationalization. Economic... |
2009 |
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| Winston P. Nagan, Erin K. Slemmens |
National Security Policy and Ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty |
32 Houston Journal of International Law L. 1 (Fall 2009) |
I. Introduction. 2 II. part one: Work Towards a Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban. 11 III. Part Two: The rise and fall of the ctbt in the u.s. senate. 27 IV. Part Three: political fallout of the rejection of the ctbt. 40 V. Part four: international treaties as a component for strong national security. 46 VI. conclusion. 66 VII. postscript. 84 |
2009 |
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| Rebecca Tsosie |
Native Nations and Museums: Developing an Institutional Framework for Cultural Sovereignty |
45 Tulsa Law Review Rev. 3 (Fall 2009) |
One of the central functions of the modern Museum is to create exhibits that portray diverse cultures through various time periods, thereby introducing peoples to one another in the absence of a more personal interaction. There is an entire conversation about the ethics of such portrayals and the role of curators as interpreters of history,... |
2009 |
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| Blake W. Jackson |
Notorious: the Treatment of Famous Trademarks in America and How Protection Can Be Ensured |
3 Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and the Law 61 (Fall 2009) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 63 II. BACKGROUND. 65 A. Implementing Protection for Famous Foreign Trademarks Is Not a New Problem. 65 B. History of the Famous Foreign Marks Doctrine in America. 65 C. The Lanham Act Provides No Statutory Foundation. 66 D. Protection for Famous Foreign Marks in America is Only Found in Common Law. 67 1. Prunier's. 68 2. The Stork... |
2009 |
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| Leticia M. Diaz, Barry Hart Dubner |
On the Evolution of the Law of International Sea Piracy: How Property Trumped Human Rights, the Environment and the Sovereign Rights of States in the Areas of the Creation and Enforcement of Jurisdiction |
13 Barry Law Review 175 (Fall, 2009) |
One cannot pick up a newspaper or watch the news these days without seeing articles or stories about the Somali pirates. In fact, piracy has taken an increasing toll on international shipping in the key water link between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. In 2008, a total of forty-nine vessels were hijacked worldwide. Forty-two of the... |
2009 |
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| Timothy G. Nelson |
Passport, S'il Vous Plaît?: Investment Treaty Protection and the Individual Investor's Citizenship |
32 Suffolk Transnational Law Review 451 (Symposium 2009) |
When contemplating the protections afforded to private investors by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) or Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) - and the concomitant right to pursue investor-state arbitration before bodies such as the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) - we usually think of rights and claims held by... |
2009 |
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| Kenan Mullis |
Playing Chicken with Bird Flu: "Viral Sovereignty," the Right to Exploit Natural Genetic Resources, and the Potential Human Rights Ramifications |
24 American University International Law Review 943 (2009) |
INTRODUCTION. 944 I. BACKGROUND. 946 A. Indonesia's History of Avian Influenza and Cooperation with the World Health Organization. 947 B. The Convention on Biological Diversity. 949 C. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 951 II. ANALYSIS. 953 A. Viruses are Genetic Resources within the Meaning of Article 15 of the... |
2009 |
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| Sina Kian |
Pleading Sovereign Immunity: the Doctrinal Underpinnings of Hans v. Louisiana and ex Parte Young |
61 Stanford Law Review 1233 (March, 2009) |
Introduction. 1233 I. Sovereign Immunity: The Political Narratives of Hans v. Louisiana. 1235 A. Sovereign Immunity: A Crash Course. 1239 B. Torts Versus Contracts: A Misstep. 1241 II. The Common Law Pleading System. 1245 A. Common Law Framework: A Case Study. 1247 B. Madrazo Revisited. 1252 C. Marshall Court: Continued. 1255 D. The Pattern... |
2009 |
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| Dianna T. Kenny, Istvan Schreiner , The University of Sydney |
Predictors of High-risk Alcohol Consumption in Young Offenders on Community Orders |
15 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 54 (February, 2009) |
The present study examined the relationship between a set of individual and contextual variables and high-risk alcohol use among young offenders placed on community orders in New South Wales, Australia. Participants (n = 777) were compared on a set of factors known to be strong predictors of high-risk alcohol use among adolescents. The authors... |
2009 |
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| Mark Sobocienski |
Protecting the Great Lakes in the Face of a Water Crisis: the Need for Immediate Ratification of the Great Lakes--st. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact, and for an Amendment to the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 |
21 Saint Thomas Law Review 478 (Spring 2009) |
Introduction. 479 I. Geography of the Great Lakes: Abundance of Water but Still Vulnerable. 485 II. The Evolution of Legislation Protecting the Great Lakes from Diversions Outside of its Basin. 486 A. The Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909. 486 B. The Original Great Lakes Basin Compact. 489 C. Great Lakes Charter of 1985. 490 D. Water Resources... |
2009 |
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| Manav Bhatnagar |
Reconsidering the Indus Waters Treaty |
22 Tulane Environmental Law Journal 271 (Summer 2009) |
I. Introduction. 271 II. The Indus Waters Treaty. 272 A. From Partition to the Bargaining Table. 272 B. The Agreement: Negotiation and Terms. 275 C. Resilience and Disputes. 278 III. Growing Discontent. 280 A. An Antiquated Approach to Demand. 281 B. A Political Miscalculation. 284 1. Overstated Antagonism. 285 2. Underestimated Antagonism. 287 3.... |
2009 |
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| Dan E. Stigall |
Refugees and Legal Reform in Iraq: the Iraqi Civil Code, International Standards for the Treatment of Displaced Persons, and the Art of Attainable Solutions |
34 Rutgers Law Record Rec. 1 (Spring, 2009) |
A recent report by Refugees International notes that Iraq is currently faced with one of the most acute displacement crises in the world. There are over 5 million Iraqis displaced by violence--2.7 million of whom are internally displaced within Iraq. Such a situation creates not only a humanitarian crisis, but also a perverse opportunity for... |
2009 |
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| Kristin M. Roshelli |
Religiously Based Discrimination: Striking a Balance Between a Health Care Provider's Right to Religious Freedom and a Woman's Ability to Access Fertility Treatment Without Facing Discrimination |
83 Saint John's Law Review 977 (Summer 2009) |
A woman is having a difficult time becoming pregnant, but she desperately wants to have a child. She and her female partner live in a rural area and seek out the only physician in town to undergo intrauterine insemination, a fertility treatment that will increase her chances of becoming pregnant. The physician at the fertility center informs the... |
2009 |
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| Antony Anghie |
Rethinking Sovereignty in International Law |
5 Annual Review of Law and Social Science 291 (2009) |
self-defense, democracy and international law, imperialism Sovereignty has always been a controversial topic in international law. The most prominent attempts to rethink sovereignty in recent times have arisen out of the policies of the Bush administration, particularly its conceptualization of self-defense and its attempts to promote democracy... |
2009 |
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| Erica J. Thorson |
Sharing Himalayan Glacial Meltwater: the Role of Territorial Sovereignty |
19 Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law 487 (Spring 2009) |
Mountain glaciers around the world are melting. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the World Glacier Monitoring Service both predict that the Andean and Himalayan glaciers, sources of freshwater for millions of people, will retreat irreversibly in the coming decades, forever releasing their savings accounts of freshwater. Glacial... |
2009 |
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| Matthew Paik |
Sovereign Immunity and Patent Infringement, Ten Years after Florida Prepaid: the State of the Law and How it Can Be Fixed |
60 Hastings Law Journal 901 (March, 2009) |
In the lucrative world of patents, the University of California is a major player. It receives by far more patents from the U.S. government than any school in the country. And by licensing out its intellectual property, the university has generated about $500 million in revenue in the past five years. The school also aggressively uses the courts as... |
2009 |
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