| Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Key Terms |
| Michael P. Scharf |
Earned Sovereignty: Juridical Underpinnings |
31 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 373 (Summer 2003) |
Sovereignty either is or is not. -- Stephen Leacock It is undeniable that the centuries-old doctrine of absolute and exclusive sovereignty no longer stands, and was in fact never so absolute as it was conceived to be in theory. -- Boutros Boutros-Ghali It has often been said that the defining issue in international law for the 21 century is... |
2003 |
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| James E. Bond |
Eleventh Amendment Sovereignty: Much Ado about Nothing? |
2003 Cato Supreme Court Review 223 (2002-2003) |
The Supreme Court's decision in Nevada v. Hibbs is the latest skirmish in the current Supreme Court's bitter internecine battle over the constitutional scope of a state's sovereign immunity. That battle is but the most recent phase in a two-hundred-year war over the appropriate, respective roles of the state and national governments in America's... |
2003 |
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| Arthur E. Wilmarth, Jr. |
Elusive Foundation: John Marshall, James Wilson, and the Problem of Reconciling Popular Sovereignty and Natural Law Jurisprudence in the New Federal Republic |
72 George Washington Law Review 113 (December, 2003) |
The bicentennial of Marbury v. Madison has encouraged scholars to offer new perspectives on the historical development of judicial review in the United States. Marbury provided the cornerstone for the modern doctrine of judicial review, as it was the first case in which the Supreme Court struck down an act of Congress on constitutional grounds. In... |
2003 |
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| Emma Garrison |
Entergy Arkansas, Inc. v. Nebraska: Does a Radioactive Waste Compact Nuke Sovereign Immunity? |
30 Ecology Law Quarterly 449 (2003) |
In Entergy Arkansas, Inc. v. Nebraska, perhaps the most significant decision regarding the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act since New York v. United States, the Eighth Circuit held that Nebraska was not entitled to sovereign immunity protections from suit arising from its obligations under the Central Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste... |
2003 |
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| Beth L. Kruchek |
Extending Wetlands Protection under the Ramsar Treaty's Wise Use Obligation |
20 Arizona Journal of International & Comparative Law 409 (Summer, 2003) |
The United States has an obligation under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention) to promote the protection of wetland habitats within its borders. However, compliance with this international treaty is problematic since it remains unclear what specifically constitutes a wetland... |
2003 |
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| Adam Feibelman |
Federal Bankruptcy Law and State Sovereign Immunity |
81 Texas Law Review 1381 (May, 2003) |
I. The Doctrinal Setting. 1386 A. Seminole Tribe. 1386 1. Ex Parte Young. 1389 2. Waiver. 1390 B. Immunity and the Code. 1391 C. Conclusion. 1401 II. The Case For States' Privileged Status In Bankruptcy. 1402 A. The Administrative States. 1404 B. Creditor States. 1408 1. Regulation and Fiscal Policy. 1409 2. States as Constrained Financial Actors..... |
2003 |
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| Christopher G. Paulraj |
Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina State Ports Authority: Extending the States' Sovereign Immunity to Administrative Adjudications |
55 Administrative Law Review 679 (Summer, 2003) |
C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 680 I. State Sovereign Immunity Jurisprudence Prior to Federal Maritime Commission. 682 A. The Eleventh Amendment and Beyond. 682 B. The Exceptions to a State's Sovereign Immunity. 684 C. Seminole Tribe and Congress's Abrogation Powers. 685 II. Background of Federal Maritime Commission. 687 A. The Federal... |
2003 |
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| Richard B. Graves III |
Globalization, Treaty Powers, and the Limits of the Intellectual Property Clause |
50 Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A. 199 (2003) |
Recent years have seen the development of three trends that will soon require a fundamental rethinking of certain aspects of the federal government's treaty powers. The first is the explosive increase in the value of international transactions in the wake of GATT and NAFTA. The second is the U.S. Supreme Court's imposition of limitations upon the... |
2003 |
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| Mary De Ming Fan |
Governing Copyright in Cyberspace: the Penalty Default Problem with State-centric Sovereignty |
43 Jurimetrics Journal 315 (Spring, 2003) |
ABSTRACT: This Article examines the consequences for Internet governance of observing traditional, state-centric sovereignty in multilateral cyberspace regulation by analyzing the World Intellectual Property Organization's Copyright Treaty. Three layers of protection for state sovereignty in the Treaty interact to produce a possible nonenforcement... |
2003 |
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| Parker Moore |
Hoodwinked by Hatter: Creating a Test for Constitutional Waivers of Sovereign Immunity to Pre-judgment Interest Awards |
27 Vermont Law Review 1061 (Summer, 2003) |
Judges must beware of hard constructions and strained inferences, for there is no worse torture than the torture of laws. Francis Bacon Apart from the actual words of the United States Constitution, precious little evidence remains to indicate the Framers' intent during the drafting process. Admittedly, a few scattered relics and yellowing memoirs... |
2003 |
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| Tania Tetlow |
How Batson Spawned Shaw -- Requiring the Government to Treat Citizens as Individuals When it Cannot |
49 Loyola Law Review 133 (Spring 2003) |
Sometimes government is forced to engage in stereotyping of its citizens. As prosecutors pick juries or state legislators draw district lines through a neighborhood, they guess about the beliefs of their citizens without the benefit of much information. These stereotyping decisions are different from government decisions made about individuals on... |
2003 |
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| Timothy K. Kuhner |
Human Rights Treaties in U.s. Law: the Status Quo, its Underlying Bases, and Pathways for Change |
13 Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law 419 (Spring 2003) |
As of this day, the United States has ratified three of the major seven global human rights treaties (HRTs). The three it has ratified have been assented to only conditionally. They have been qualified by reservations, understandings, and declarations (RUDs) to prevent their direct enforcement in U.S. courts, and bring their provisions into sync... |
2003 |
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| Chris Wold |
Implementation of Reservations Law in International Environmental Treaties: the Cases of Cuba and Iceland |
14 Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law and Policy 53 (Winter 2003) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 54 II. The Law of Reservations. 58 A. The Law of Reservations Prior to the Vienna Convention. 58 B. The Vienna Convention and Reservations. 60 1. Permissible Reservations Under Article 195. 60 2. Accepting or Objecting to Reservations under Article 20. 61 III. Cuba, Turtles, and the SPAW Protocol. 65 A. Background. 56 B.... |
2003 |
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| Laurence R. Helfer |
Intellectual Property Rights and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture |
97 American Society of International Law Proceedings 33 (April 2-5, 2003) |
Control of plant genetic resources (PGRs) has been a crucible for sustained global conflict. That conflict arises because the world's plant genetic diversity is allocated unevenly among nation states; moreover, it has been dwindling at an alarming rate over the last few decades. These two forces have led governments and private parties to advocate... |
2003 |
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| Gregory Rose |
International Law of Sustainable Agriculture in the 21st Century: the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture |
15 Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 583 (Summer, 2003) |
I. L2-3,T3Introduction 584. II. L2-3,T3Plant Genetic Resources 585. III. L2-3,T3The Extended Family of PGRFA Management Arrangements 587. A. Forum: U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation. 587 B. Forum: Commission on Genetic Resources. 588 C. Scheme: Global System on Plant Genetic Resources. 589 D. Information Overview: State of the World's PGRFA.... |
2003 |
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| Ernest A. Young |
Is the Sky Falling on the Federal Government? State Sovereign Immunity, the Section Five Power, and the Federal Balance |
81 Texas Law Review 1551 (May, 2003) |
Judge John T. Noonan, Jr. is worried about America. The Supreme Court, he says, has come to see itself as the protector of the fifty states. As such, the Court has embarked on a course of decisions that has, by its own will, moved the middle ground [between federal and state authority] and narrowed the nation's power. But it's not just national... |
2003 |
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| George C. Thomas III |
Islands in the Stream of History: an Institutional Archeology of Dual Sovereignty |
1 Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 345 (Fall, 2003) |
From one perspective, cases are merely islands in the stream of history. But this is not the perspective of most judges and legal academics, who tend to see cases as an unconnected series of judgments that produce either favored or disfavored results. To focus on cases, or even doctrines, as self-contained universes misses the role that history... |
2003 |
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| Melissa A. Verhaag |
It Is Not Too Late: the Need for a Comprehensive International Treaty to Protect the Arctic Environment |
15 Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 555 (2003) |
I. L2-3,T3Introduction 555. II. L2-3,T3The Arctic Region and its Southern Counterpart 557. III. L2-3,T3Environmental Problems in the Arctic Region 559. A. Persistent Organic Pollutants Perhaps the Most Destructive. 560 B. Five Other Environmental Problems Adversely Affecting the Arctic Region. 562 C. The Arctic Haze Phenomenon. 564 IV.... |
2003 |
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| E. Thomas Sullivan |
Judicial Sovereignty: the Legacy of the Rehnquist Court |
20 Constitutional Commentary 171 (Spring 2003) |
Two hundred years ago, in 1803, the Supreme Court decided Marbury v. Madison. This seminal case established judicial review of legislation and executive action. It may well be the Supreme Court's most important, celebrated opinion. The story of Marbury is well known. Chief Justice Marshall, the author of the opinion, was an ardent Federalist from... |
2003 |
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| Thomas A. Bustin , William N. Drake, Jr. |
Judicial Tort Reform: Transforming Florida's Waiver of Sovereign Immunity Statute |
32 Stetson Law Review 469 (Spring 2003) |
Almost thirty years ago, the Florida Legislature exercised its exclusive power to waive sovereign immunity when it adopted Florida Statutes Section 768.28. The statute, modeled on the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), which has been analyzed in federal court opinions, is straightforward in its language. However, several decades of Florida Supreme... |
2003 |
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| Julie M. Spanbauer |
Kimel and Garrett: Another Example of the Court Undervaluing Individual Sovereignty and Settled Expectations |
76 Temple Law Review 787 (Winter 2003) |
The most marked trait of present life, economically speaking, is insecurity . . . . Insecurity cuts deeper and extends more widely than bare unemployment. Fear of loss of work, dread of the oncoming of old age, create anxiety and eat into self-respect in a way that impairs personal dignity. Where fears abound, courageous and robust individuality is... |
2003 |
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| Peter L. Reich |
Litigating Property under the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty: the Sangre De Cristo Land Grant Case |
5 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Minority Issues 217 (Spring 2003) |
I. Introduction. 217 II. Traditional Hispanic Use Rights in the Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. Southwest. 218 III. Indigenous Use Rights Comparisons: Native Americans and Maoris. 223 IV. Use Rights in the Real Property Classroom. 225 |
2003 |
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| Kevin G. Welner |
Locking up the Marketplace of Ideas and Locking out School Reform: Courts' Imprudent Treatment of Controversial Teaching in America's Public Schools |
50 UCLA Law Review 959 (April, 2003) |
Courts have recognized two primary, oft-conflicting interests in teacher speech cases: (1) a societal interest in exposing students to a robust exchange of ideas, usually promoted by protecting teachers' academic freedom, and (2) a broad and unspecified, but not unconstrained, state interest in value inculcation, usually promoted by limiting... |
2003 |
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| Shawn P. Dontigney |
Mccoy v. United States: the Eighth Circuit Imposes Excessive Requirements in Administrative Claims and Fails to Apply the Continuous Treatment Doctrine to Properly Postpone a Claim's Accrual |
36 Creighton Law Review 213 (February, 2003) |
The federal government will waive its immunity from suit and allow parties injured by negligent actions of government employees to sue the United States in particular circumstances. Congress expressed the requirements for this waiver in the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA). In order to bring an FTCA suit, a claimant must meet certain prerequisites.... |
2003 |
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| Peter W. Schroth |
National and International Constitutional Law Aspects of African Treaties and Laws Against Corruption |
13 Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 83 (Spring 2003) |
I. Introduction. 83 II. The Treaties and Draft Treaties; Some African Statutes. 87 III. Separation of Powers. 91 IV. Forfeiture and the Prohibition of Excessive Punishment. 95 V. Illicit Enrichment and the Presumption of Innocence. 103 VI. Conclusion. 107 |
2003 |
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| Ben Golden |
New Law Gives Guardians Authority to End Futile Treatment for Adults with Retardation |
75-FEB New York State Bar Journal 16 (February, 2003) |
Beginning March 16, 2003, many parental guardians of individuals with mental retardation will have the authority to refuse futile life-sustaining treatment for their adult children as a result of the new Health Care Decisions Act for Persons with Mental Retardation (HCDA). The authority is limited to guardians of individuals with mental retardation... |
2003 |
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| Karen Cordry |
Of State Sovereign Immunity and Prospective Remedies: the Bankruptcy Discharge as Statutory ex Parte Young Relief: a Response |
77 American Bankruptcy Law Journal 23 (Winter, 2003) |
[Sovereign immunity is yet] another reason why, in the words of the incomparable Mel Brooks, It's good to be the King. Or, in the equally incomparable words of Professor Akhil Amar, Sovereign immunity means never having to say you're sorry. I find myself in the unusual position of agreeing with a great deal of what Professor Brubaker says in... |
2003 |
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| Justin Hughes |
Of World Music and Sovereign States, Professors and the Formation of Legal Norms |
35 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 155 (Fall 2003) |
I. Introduction. 155 II. Railroad Law Versus Civil Rights Law. 156 III. Global Railroad Law. 164 IV. Of Professors and Prophets. 189 V. Conclusion. 202 |
2003 |
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| Jay F. Stein, Esq , Carlos Marin, Jill Warren, Esq., Alberto Szekely, Marilyn O'Leary, Esq., Maria Elena Giner, Moderator, Panelists |
Panel: Claims of the United States and Mexico under the Treaty of 1944 and the Municipal Acquisition of Fresh Water Supplies in the Border Region |
11 United States-Mexico Law Journal 61 (Spring, 2003) |
STEPHANIE PINCETL: I am struck by the similarities between the water issues between Mexico and the U.S. and internal water issues within the U.S. For example, the same kinds of questions emerge among users of the Klamath River Basin. I think the fundamental issue is really proactive, long-term planning. Moreover, these allocations were made in a... |
2003 |
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| Julia Yoo |
Participation in the Making of Legislative Treaties: the United States and Other Federal Systems |
41 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 455 (2003) |
In the post-World War II period, international treaties have increasingly overlapped with the domestic legislative spheres within countries. Such legislative treaties raise significant separation of powers and federalism issues. Through a broad survey and individual case studies, this Note examines how, if at all, federal systems have addressed... |
2003 |
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| Jonathan Turley |
Pax Militaris: the Feres Doctrine and the Retention of Sovereign Immunity in the Military System of Governance |
71 George Washington Law Review Rev. 1 (2/1/2003) |
I. Introduction. 1 II. Feres and the Creation of a Judicially-Mandated System of Immunity. 6 A. Uniformity in Compensation for Service members. 12 B. Availability of Veterans' Benefits and Compensation. 15 C. Military Discipline and Readiness. 16 III. The Application of the Feres Doctrine in Collateral Areas of Military Governance. 27 A. Achieving... |
2003 |
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| Edward J. Imwinkelried |
Peer Dialogue: the How and What of "Appropriate Validation" under Daubert: Reconsidering the Treatment of Einstein and Freud |
68 Missouri Law Review 43 (Winter 2003) |
(I)n practice, a gatekeeping role for the judge, no matter how flexible, inevitably on occasion will prevent the jury from learning of authentic insights and innovations. That, nevertheless, is the balance that is struck by the Rules of Evidence designed not for the exhaustive search for cosmic understanding but for the particularized resolution... |
2003 |
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| Robert A. Frazier |
Pierce County v. Guillen: a Dangerous Road: the Federal Highway Program's Collision with State Court Systems and the Impact on State Sovereignty |
56 Arkansas Law Review 573 (2003) |
It has come as an unwelcome surprise to many commentators that the structure of the federal system imposes any real limitations on the power of the national government. This is somewhat ironic considering that authoritative treatises and hornbooks begin their discussions on the scope of federal power with the acknowledgement that the federal... |
2003 |
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| Ginger R. Burton |
Piercing the State Sovereign Immunity Shield: Utilizing Suit by the United States on Behalf of Individuals to Provide the Complete Remedy for States' Violation of Federal Laws Enacted under Article I |
37 Georgia Law Review 1401 (Summer, 2003) |
The sovereign immunity shield available to states to protect them from suit has become almost impenetrable as a result of what commentators have characterized as the Supreme Court's federalism revival. Among the cases at the forefront of this revival are those that involve the Eleventh Amendment and state sovereign immunity. After the Supreme... |
2003 |
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| Robert Victor Wolf, Center for Court Innovation |
Promoting Permanency |
4 Journal of the Center for Families, Children and the Courts 133 (2003) |
Family drug treatment courts work with drug-addicted parents and guardians charged with abuse or neglect. The goal of family drug courts is twofold: first, to find a permanent and safe home for the children as quickly as possible; second, to link the parent or guardian to drug treatment services, monitor compliance, and achieve long-term sobriety.... |
2003 |
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| Glen Staszewski |
Rejecting the Myth of Popular Sovereignty and Applying an Agency Model to Direct Democracy |
56 Vanderbilt Law Review 395 (March, 2003) |
Introduction. 396 I. The Shortcomings of Lawmaking by Initiative and Proposals to Modify Judicial Review. 401 A. The Tension Between Direct Democracy and Representative Government. 401 B. Interpretive Dilemmas in Direct Democracy. 406 C. The Indirect and Selective Nature of Existing Proposals for Modified Judicial Review. 411 II. Rejecting the Myth... |
2003 |
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| Kathaleen S. McCormick |
Resurrecting a Dead Horse: the Constitutional Viability of Vawa's Civil Rights Remedy under the Treaty Power |
30 Journal of Legislation 143 (2003) |
Violence against women is a bad thing--if this does not sound familiar, it should, at least, sound obvious. Precisely why the civil rights remedy (CRR) of the 1994 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) actually ameliorates the problem is less obvious. The vast majority of scholarly debate on the CRR has been targeted towards arguing or rebutting its... |
2003 |
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| Graeme W. Austin |
Re-treating Intellectual Property? The Wai 262 Proceeding and the Heuristics of Intellectual Property Law |
11 Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law 333 (Summer 2003) |
1. INTRODUCTION. 333 2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE WAI 262 PROCEEDING. 341 Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi. 341 a. The Waitangi Tribunal. 346 3. THE WAI 262 PROCEEDING. 351 4. WAI 262 AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HEURISTICS. 357 A Retreat of Intellectual Property?. 358 a. Re-treating between the Crown and the WAI 262... |
2003 |
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| Damien M. Schiff |
Rollin', Rollin', Rollin' on the River: a Story of Drought, Treaty Interpretation, and Other Rio Grande Problems |
14 Indiana International & Comparative Law Review 117 (2003) |
Colonel Edward Hatch, Commander of the U.S. Ninth Cavalry, in his report to Congress detailing the actions he and his troops took to put down a disturbance that took place in late December of 1877 in the town of El Paso, Texas, over the attempted private appropriation of what theretofore had been public salt ponds, made the following observation:... |
2003 |
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| Sanjay Sanghvi |
Ruling Settles Law in India on Protocols and Treaty Interpretation |
14 Journal of International Taxation 24 (May, 2003) |
The Appellate Tribunal's ruling on technical service fees adopts a position that is the accepted norm internationally: the benefit of the lower rate for, or the restricted scope of, fees for technical services under a tax treaty does not depend on any further action by the respective governments. Ever since the opening up of the Indian economy... |
2003 |
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| Lorie Graham |
Securing Economic Sovereignty Through Agreement |
37 New England Law Review 523 (Spring 2003) |
Economic development is one of the most important issues facing Indian nations today. Politically, it speaks to a tribe's fundamental right to development, which is closely linked to its right of self-determination. Socio-economically, it is the means by which a tribe seeks to confront the enduring consequences of poverty. Culturally, it offers a... |
2003 |
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| Harvey Gee |
Semblances of Sovereignty: the Constitution, the State, and American Citizenship, T. Alexander Aleinikoff, Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. 223. |
16 Saint Thomas Law Review 147 (Fall 2003) |
A major contribution to the contemporary thinking about immigration, citizenship, and assimilation is offered by Georgetown Law Center Law Professor T. Alexander Aleinikoff in his recent volume, Semblances of Sovereignty: The Constitution, the State, and American Citizenship. The book helps to advance the immigration debate and define what it means... |
2003 |
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| Victor Nnamdi Opara |
Sovereign & Diplomatic Immunity as Customary International Law: Beyond R. v. Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate & Others, ex Parte Pinochet Ugarte |
21 Wisconsin International Law Journal 255 (Spring 2003) |
[I]t will be the first time, so far as counsel have discovered, when a local domestic court has refused immunity to a head of state or former head of state on the grounds that there can be no immunity against prosecution for certain international crimes. For the first time in the history of the world, a local domestic court denied immunity to a... |
2003 |
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| Jason Lane, Robert M. Hendrickson, and M. Christopher Brown |
Sovereign Immunity and Public Education |
182 West's Education Law Reporter Rep. 7 (12/18/2003) |
While often perceived as abstract and sometimes archaic, the idea of sovereign immunity (i.e. the idea that a government as a sovereign has no legal superior) is one of the key principles that dictate government regulation of educational institutions. By not explicitly indicating education as a national responsibility, the framers of the U.S.... |
2003 |
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| Hillina Taddesse Tamrat |
Sovereign Immunity under the Eleventh Amendment: Kimel and Garrett, What next for State Employees? |
11 Elder Law Journal 171 (2003) |
The Eleventh Amendment guarantees the states immunity from suits by private individuals in federal court. Congress can abrogate this sovereign immunity by using its enforcement powers under the Fourteenth Amendment, but in recent years the Supreme Court has placed significant limitations upon exercises of this authority, first in Kimel v. Florida... |
2003 |
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| Charles R. Walsh, Jr. |
Sovereign Ownership of Private Property in the Name of Preservation: a Contradiction in Terms and of the Constitution |
19 New York Law School Journal of Human Rights 529 (2003) |
While metal detecting in his back yard in Demopolis, Alabama, Eric Sherman found a gold watch from the Civil War era. Excited about the find, Eric showed the gold watch to some of his friends and neighbors. A week later, the police knocked on his door, arrested Eric and confiscated the watch. Eric had violated an Alabama statute that grants the... |
2003 |
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| Charles R. Walsh, Jr. |
Sovereign Ownership of Private Property in the Name of Preservation: a Contradiction in Terms and of the Constitution |
22 New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law 529 (2003) |
While metal detecting in his back yard in Demopolis, Alabama, Eric Sherman found a gold watch from the Civil War era. Excited about the find, Eric showed the gold watch to some of his friends and neighbors. A week later, the police knocked on his door, arrested Eric and confiscated the watch. Eric had violated an Alabama statute that grants the... |
2003 |
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| Charles R. Walsh, Jr. |
Sovereign Ownership of Private Property in the Name of Preservation: a Contradiction in Terms and of the Constitution |
46 New York Law School Law Review 899 (2002-2003) |
While metal detecting in his back yard in Demopolis, Alabama, Eric Sherman found a gold watch from the Civil War era. Excited about the find, Eric showed the gold watch to some of his friends and neighbors. A week later, the police knocked on his door, arrested Eric and confiscated the watch. Eric had violated an Alabama statute that grants the... |
2003 |
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| Thomas A. Telesca |
Sovereignty or the Precautionary Principle: Which Will Save Our Fish? |
12 Southeastern Environmental Law Journal 23 (Fall, 2003) |
The world's fisheries present a classic case of the tragedy of the commons, a phenomenon that occurs whenever a resource, such as clean air or a high seas fishery, is owned by none, but utilized by all, thereby precluding market forces from accurately reflecting scarcity and environmental degradation. The commons problem in regard to fisheries is... |
2003 |
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| David D. Caron, David A. Colson , LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae, LLP, Washington, D.C. |
Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/malaysia). |
97 American Journal of International Law 398 (April, 2003) |
Title to territoryinterpretation of colonial treatiesassessment of effectivités On December 17, 2002, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rendered its decision in Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia). The case was brought by Special Agreement filed with the Court on November 2, 1998. Article 2 of the Special... |
2003 |
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