Author | Title | Citation | Summary | Year | Key Terms |
Kandace Watson, Shane Killeen |
Keep an Eye on the Issue of Sovereign Immunity When Licensing State University-based Patent Rights in Light of Ericsson Inc. v. Regents of the University of Minnesota |
11 Landslide 34 (May/June, 2019) |
For 2019 and the foreseeable future, product development collaborations between universities and private industry are expected to continue; the number of university licenses executed--exclusive, options, or nonexclusive--remained consistent from 2015 to 2017. However, in light of a recent decision by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB),... |
2019 |
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Kelly A. Rudd |
Lewis v. Clarke, 137 S.ct. 1285 (2017) |
42-DEC Wyoming Lawyer 34 (December, 2019) |
The boundaries of the state of Wyoming encompass the Wind River Indian Reservation. There are eleven other Indian reservations within a 300-mile perimeter of the Wyoming state boundaries. Because Indian reservations are considered federal enclaves, where the application of state law has significant limitations, Federal Indian Law has often been... |
2019 |
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Summer L. Carmack |
Loyalties and Royalties: the Osage Nation's Energy Sovereignty Plan and Wind Farm Opposition |
40 Public Land & Resources Law Review 145 (2019) |
I. Introduction. 146 II. The Richest People In the World: The History of the Osage Nation After Contact. 147 A. Discovery of Oil and Severance of the Estate: Osage Allotment Act. 148 B. Mismanagement and Poor Accounting Practices of BIA. 151 III. Wind Farm Opposition: Osage Nation's Assertion of Sovereignty and Protection of Interests. 154 A.... |
2019 |
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Marijuana Legalization in the United States: State v. Tribal Sovereignty |
52 Criminal Law Bulletin ART 5 |
Angela graduated with a J.D. from the University of Massachusetts School of Law in May 2016. Special thanks to Professors Kevin Connelly and Spencer Clough for their guidance and patience, and a very special thank you to Alex White Plume for inspiring this research. |
2019 |
Yes |
Logan A. Yelderman, Justin J. Joseph, Matthew P. West, Erycha Butler, Prairie View A&M University, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Prairie View A&M University |
Mass Shootings in the United States: Understanding the Importance of Mental Health and Firearm Considerations |
25 Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 212 (August, 2019) |
The purpose of this study was to examine whether mass shooters' media-reported mental health history and firearm access related to mass shooting severity. The current analysis included a total of 102 mass shooters in the United States between 1982 and 2018 described in media reports. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to assess if a... |
2019 |
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Sean P. Belding |
Monetizing Tribal and State Sovereign Immunity in Patent Law: an Attempt to Neutralize the Patent Death Squad |
26 Journal of Intellectual Property Law L. 1 (Spring, 2019) |
On September 8, 2017, Allergan announced the assignment of six of its patents to the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe. These six patents protected Allergan's exclusivity over the blockbuster drug RESTASIS and were at risk of invalidity due to an inter partes review proceeding. In return for substantial monetary consideration, the Mohawk Tribe granted... |
2019 |
Yes |
Patrick G. Maroun |
More than Birds: Developing a New Environmental Jurisprudence Through the Migratory Bird Treaty Act |
117 Michigan Law Review 789 (February, 2019) |
This year marks the centennial of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, one of the oldest environmental regulatory statutes in the United States. It is illegal to take or kill any migratory bird covered by the Act. But many of the economic and industrial assumptions that undergirded the Act in 1918 have changed dramatically. Although it is undisputed... |
2019 |
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Allan Chester B. Nadate |
Moving Forward from the Historically Incongruous Treatment of Mens Rea in Philippine Criminal Law |
20 Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal 90 (2019) |
L1-2Introduction . L390 I. The Contemporary Articulation of the Mala Dichotomy. 94 A. Characterizing the Dichotomy. 94 B. The Jurisprudential History of the Mala Dichotomy. 103 1. The Evolution of Case Law from Go Chico. 104 2. The Misconception as Contained in Criminal Law Commentaries. 112 II. The Incongruous Treatment of Mens Rea. 116 A. The... |
2019 |
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Ridge Howell |
Overlooking Canon: How the Alabama Supreme Court Used a Footnote to Disregard Tribal Sovereign Immunity in Wilkes v. Pci Gaming Authority |
43 American Indian Law Review 437 (2019) |
The Poarch Band of Creek Indians--unsuccessfully--petitioned for a writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court following an Alabama Supreme Court decision against it. In Wilkes v. PCI Gaming Authority, a decision proving disastrous for tribes across the country, the Alabama high court rejected the time-honored doctrine of tribal sovereign immunity. The... |
2019 |
Yes |
John Mixon |
Patently Inconsistent: State and Tribal Sovereign Immunity in Inter Partes Review |
93 Saint John's Law Review 233 (2019) |
From 2016 to 2017, the Patent Trial and Appeals Board (PTAB or the Board), an adjudicatory branch of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), instituted five separate inter partes review (IPR) proceedings against patents owned by various state universities. Upon instituting these proceedings, the universities all moved to... |
2019 |
Yes |
John Mixon |
Patently Inconsistent: State and Tribal Sovereign Immunity in Inter Partes Review |
93 Saint John's Law Review 233 (2019) |
From 2016 to 2017, the Patent Trial and Appeals Board (PTAB or the Board), an adjudicatory branch of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), instituted five separate inter partes review (IPR) proceedings against patents owned by various state universities. Upon instituting these proceedings, the universities all moved to... |
2019 |
Yes |
Christopher B. Phillips |
Patently Unjust: Tribal Sovereign Immunity at the U.s. Patent Office |
92 Southern California Law Review 703 (March, 2019) |
C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. 704 I. SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY. 708 A. Tribal Sovereign Immunity. 709 1. Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc.. 710 2. Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Community. 711 3. Upper Skagit Indian Tribe v. Lundgren. 713 B. State Sovereign Immunity. 714 1. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense... |
2019 |
Yes |
Richard C. Chen |
Precedent and Dialogue in Investment Treaty Arbitration |
60 Harvard International Law Journal 47 (Winter, 2019) |
Since the turn of the century, investment treaty arbitration (ITA) tribunals have begun citing past decisions with increasing frequency. They do so despite the absence of any formal doctrine of stare decisis and the presence of structural obstacles to the use of precedent in this context. Scholarship in this area has focused on explaining the... |
2019 |
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Maddie Boyd |
Refuge from Violence? |
29 Berkeley La Raza Law Journal L.J. 1 (2019) |
While domestic violence has been recognized as an international human rights issue, States consistently fail to meet their domestic and international obligations to adequately address and protect against domestic violence. This failure is compounded when domestic violence survivors seeking asylum face a myriad of obstacles in having their claims... |
2019 |
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Lucas Paez |
Reviewing St. Regis: Unresolved Issues at the Intersection of Tribal Sovereign Immunity and Patent Law |
21 Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law 1125 (Summer, 2019) |
In July 2018, the Federal Circuit ruled that sovereign immunity does not circumvent an inter partes review brought by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board. By deciding against the tribe in Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe v. Mylan Pharmaceuticals (St. Regis), the court determined that inter partes reviews are adjudicatory proceedings brought by the United... |
2019 |
Yes |
Carol Goforth |
Securities Treatment of Tokenized Offerings under U.s. Law |
46 Pepperdine Law Review 405 (April, 2019) |
This Article considers how the SEC currently approaches the question of regulating cryptoassets and ICOs. It includes a brief overview and history of cryptotransactions (including problems of terminology), and then looks at the current crypto space to consider the kinds of interests being promoted today in comparison to Bitcoin and the original... |
2019 |
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William P. Stork, Jordan Beumer |
Sovereign Citizens in South Carolina |
30-JAN South Carolina Lawyer 42 (January, 2019) |
It appears to be a normal Monday morning when you arrive to the office. While you wait for the first pot of coffee to brew, you open the mail received over the weekend. Nestled amongst the bills and usual correspondence is a pleading that is unrecognizable and unintelligible. The body of the pleading makes reference to various Uniform Commercial... |
2019 |
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Katrina Grace Geddes |
Sovereign Immunity for Rent: How the Commodification of Tribal Sovereign Immunity Reflects the Failures of the U.s. Patent System |
29 Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal 767 (Spring, 2019) |
Last year, a Fortune 500 pharmaceutical company attempted to rent the sovereign immunity of an American Indian tribe in order to shield its patents on a dry-eye drug from invalidation by generic competitors in inter partes review. Pharmaceutical firms are notorious for pursuing unconventional methods to extend the duration of their patents and, in... |
2019 |
Yes |
Anthony J. Zucchero, Warren Thomas |
Sovereign Immunity: a "Get out of Jail Free" Card for State Patent Owners at the Ptab? |
18 Chicago-Kent Journal of Intellectual Property 76 (6/4/2019) |
The America Invents Acts (AIA) introduced new post-grant proceedings, including the inter partes review (IPR), designed to stem the tide of rising patent litigation costs and address perceived deficiencies in patent quality. IPRs allow third parties to challenge the validity of claims in an issued patent in view of printed publications and... |
2019 |
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Brent D. Chicken, Amanda J. Dick |
Sovereign Lands |
5 One J: Oil and Gas, Natural Resources, and Energy Journal 273 (September, 2019) |
C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 273 II. Federal Regulatory Developments. 274 A. Amendments. 274 B. New Rules. 275 III. Judicial Developments. 276 A. Applications to Drill on Public Lands. 276 B. Inspections of Lease Sites on Private Lands. 278 |
2019 |
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Gregory Ablavsky |
Sovereign Metaphors in Indian Law |
80 Montana Law Review 11 (Winter, 2019) |
The status of Native nations under federal law, the Supreme Court has repeatedly stated, is unique. The condition of the Indians in relation to the United States is perhaps unlike that of any other two people in existence, Chief Justice Marshall announced in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia; it was marked by peculiar and cardinal distinctions which... |
2019 |
Yes |
Amir Shachmurove |
Sovereign Speech in Troubled Times: Prosecutorial Statements as Extrajudicial Admissions |
86 Tennessee Law Review 403 (Winter, 2019) |
Well, that's what I'm a-saying; all kings is mostly rapscallions, as fur as I can make out. --Mark Twain I. Introduction. 406 II. Snapshots: Jumbled Rules and Manufactured Standards. 409 A. Olive. 409 B. Nicky. 411 C. Forbes. 412 1. Phantom Immunity. 413 2. Altered Notes. 414 3. Circuit's View. 415 III. State of the Law. 415 A. Prelude. 415 1.... |
2019 |
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David Kearns |
Sovereignty and Common Law Judicial Office in Taylor's Case (1675) |
37 Law and History Review 397 (May, 2019) |
In Michaelmas term 1675, John Taylor appeared before the Court of King's Bench, the highest common law court in England. Taylor was a farmer, and during the Interregnum had been a preacher. He was accused of having declared before three other men in Guildford, in the county of Surrey, that religion was a cheat, and that Christ was a whoremaster... |
2019 |
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Bruce G. Carruthers, Melike Arslan |
Sovereignty, Law, and Money: New Developments |
15 Annual Review of Law and Social Science 521 (2019) |
legal tender, monetary standards, valuation, money laundering, counterfeiting, Bitcoin Money has remained closely connected to political sovereignty even as polities changed from empires and kingdoms to dictatorships and democracies, and as money shifted from coin to paper and now to digital currency. Money constitutes a claim on value in exchange... |
2019 |
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Stacey A. Tovino |
State Benchmark Plan Coverage of Opioid Use Disorder Treatments and Services: Trends and Limitations |
70 South Carolina Law Review 763 (Spring, 2019) |
I. Introduction. 764 II. Background Information Regarding Opioid Use Disorder. 767 III. Mental Health Parity Law & Mandatory Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Law. 772 IV. Discussion of State Benchmark Plans. 782 A. Only One State Took Advantage of the Opportunity Which the 2018 Final Regulations Presented to Improve Opioid Use Disorder... |
2019 |
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Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Gutzman |
State Responsibility for Non-state Actors in Times of War: Article Vi of the Outer Space Treaty and the Law of Neutrality |
80 Air Force Law Review 87 (2019) |
I. Introduction. 89 II. State Responsibility for Non-State Actors Under General International Law and International Space Law. 91 A. State Responsibility Under General International Law. 92 B. State Responsibility Under International Space Law. 94 1. State Responsibility for Non-State Actors in the Outer Space Treaty. 94 2. State Responsibility for... |
2019 |
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Connor J. Hansen |
Taking Patent Rights: Sovereign Immunity & the Fourteenth Amendment in Patent Validity & Inventorship Challenges |
100 Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society 619 (2019) |
L1-3Contents L1I. L2Introduction. L3620 L1II. L2The Entitlement To Patent Rights, The Process of Obtaining Them & The Processes for Challenging Granted Patents. L3623 A. Obtaining & Owning Patent Rights: Proving Statutory Minimum Standards & Assigning Patent Rights. 624 B. Challenging Patents: Federal Court & PTO Procedures. 625 1. Actions in... |
2019 |
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Alan O. Sykes |
The Economic Structure of International Investment Agreements with Implications for Treaty Interpretation and Design |
113 American Journal of International Law 482 (July, 2019) |
This Article argues that international investment agreements (IIAs) serve a dual economic function--to discipline host country policies that impose international externalities on foreign investors, and to curtail inefficient risks associated with agency costs, risk aversion, asymmetric information, and time inconsistency problems that... |
2019 |
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Anton N. Didenko , Ross P. Buckley |
The Evolution of Currency: Cash to Cryptos to Sovereign Digital Currencies |
42 Fordham International Law Journal 1041 (April, 2019) |
In 2009, Bitcoin created a world-first decentralized alternative currency that has spawned over 1,700 imitations by private parties. In 2018, governments finally joined the race, as Venezuela issued a world-first sovereign digital currency. Major economies like Canada, China, Singapore and the United Kingdom are all developing their own versions.... |
2019 |
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John D. Leshy |
The Interaction of U.s. Public Lands, Water, and State Sovereignty in the West: a Reassessment and Celebration |
41 Public Land & Resources Law Review Rev. 1 (2019) |
I. Introduction. 1 II. Establishing the National Forests. 4 III. The Other Side of a Grand Bargain: Federal Water Projects. 11 IV. The Grand Bargain Was Thoroughly Bipartisan. 13 V. State-Federal Authority Over Water Rights. 15 VI. Indian Tribes and Their Water Rights. 18 VII. Resolving State-Federal Tensions Over Water Rights. 19 VIII. Montana's... |
2019 |
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Donald H. Stone |
The Least Restrictive Environment for Providing Education, Treatment, and Community Services for Persons with Disabilities: Rethinking the Concept |
35 Touro Law Review 523 (2019) |
Persons with disabilities seek acceptance and connection in society. From individuals with mental illness, children with intellectual disabilities, and wheelchair users, all desire integration rather than isolation, mainstreaming rather than segregation. In fact, the American with Disabilities Act of 1990 (hereinafter ADA), the landmark civil... |
2019 |
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Andrea M. Seielstad |
The Need for More Exacting Assessment of the Individual Rights and Sovereign Interests at Stake in Federal Court Interpretation of "Detention" under the Indian Civil Rights Act's Remedy of Habeas Corpus |
14 Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy 63 (Summer, 2019) |
Pursuant to its federally-recognized plenary power over Indian affairs, Congress enacted the Indian Civil Rights Act in 1968 as a major civil rights initiative aimed at filling the gap in civil rights enforcement within tribal communities. Its aim was to bind tribes, who otherwise are not accountable to the protections of the United States... |
2019 |
Yes |
Luis Gil Abinader , Jorge L. Contreras |
The Patentability of Genetic Therapies: Car-t and Medical Treatment Exclusions Around the World |
34 American University International Law Review 705 (2019) |
I. INTRODUCTION. 707 II. CAR-T AND GENETIC THERAPIES. 709 A. Overview of CAR-T Therapy. 709 B. Regulatory Approval of Gene and Cell Therapies. 712 1. U.S. Regulatory Framework for Gene Therapies. 712 2. EU Regulatory Framework for Gene Therapies. 714 3. Recent CAR-T Regulatory Approvals. 715 C. The Patenting of CAR-T. 718 II. PATENT EXCLUSIONS FOR... |
2019 |
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The Sovereign Self-preservation Doctrine in Environmental Law |
133 Harvard Law Review 621 (December, 2019) |
Federal, state, and tribal sovereignties comingle in our compound republic of America. Imagine that one of these sovereigns, or its citizens, threatens the health or safety of its neighbor. How may the jeopardized neighbor protect itself? The law has an answer to this question--well, four answers. The Supreme Court has developed four separate... |
2019 |
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Jessica C. Robinson |
The Unseen Forms of Violence Against Women: Why Psychological Abuse must Be Treated as a Criminal Offense |
18 Appalachian Journal of Law 75 (2018/2019) |
On Monday, December 26, 2016, Sheri Shermeyer, a 40-year-old mother, was found by the Pennsylvania State Police in her home in Glen Rock, Pennsylvania, dead from a gunshot wound to her head. Shermeyer had suffocated her 1-year-old son, John Shermeyer, before she killed herself. Two hours prior to the police finding the bodies of Shermeyer and her... |
2019 |
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Eric Loefflad |
The World Revolutionary Origins of the Crime of Aggression: Sovereignty, (Anti-)Imperialism, and the Soviet Union's Contradictory Geopolitics of Global Justice |
12 Unbound: Harvard Journal of the Legal Left Left 1 (2019) |
Despite the importance of Soviet influences in developing an international legal basis for holding individuals criminally liable for planning and waging aggressive war at Nuremberg, relatively little research has been done on this innovation's place within the broader Soviet agenda. In addressing this gap, this article provides a multifaceted... |
2019 |
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Jason Zenor |
Tribal (De)termination? Co Native American Imagery and Cultural Sovereignty |
48 Southwestern Law Review 81 (2019) |
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Matal v. Tam that the disparagement clause in the Lanham Act was unconstitutional. This case was just another in a line of commercial speech cases to expand the rights of corporations. This ruling also further limits the legal options for tribes to protect their cultural identity from exploitation. In response, this... |
2019 |
Yes |
Rebecca Tsosie |
Tribal Data Governance and Informational Privacy: Constructing "Indigenous Data Sovereignty" |
80 Montana Law Review 229 (Summer, 2019) |
There is a growing movement among Indigenous peoples to assert a right to Indigenous data sovereignty, and yet, the term data sovereignty is not widely understood. What does it mean to control the collection, use and management of information in an era of Big Data, in which digital technology transforms knowledge into electronic form, to be... |
2019 |
Yes |
Brianne Marino Glass |
Tribal Lending under Cfpb Enforcement: Tribal Sovereign Immunity and the "True Lender" Distinction |
23 North Carolina Banking Institute 401 (March, 2019) |
Tribal sovereign immunity is an important protection that enables Indian tribes and their entities to regulate their own affairs in a way that benefits the tribe and its members. In recent years, however, this sovereign immunity structure has become prone to abuse within the payday lending industry as some non-tribal lenders have established links... |
2019 |
Yes |
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Tribal Sovereign Immunity Overcomes Bankruptcy Code Abrogation |
28 Norton Journal of Bankruptcy Law and Practice Art. 5 (12/1/2019) |
Principal shareholder of Rosen & Associates, P.C., New York |
2019 |
Yes |
Cody Wilson |
Tribal Sovereignty and Online Gaming: Fantasy Sports Offer Tribes What Other Games Do Not |
72 SMU Law Review 351 (Spring, 2019) |
[A]T gambling, the deadly sin is to mistake bad play for bad luck. Native American tribes should keep those words in mind following the decision issued by the Unites States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in State of California v. Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel. In that case, the Ninth Circuit addressed an issue of first impression, holding... |
2019 |
Yes |
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United States-crow Treaty--federal Indian Law-- Indian Plenary Power Doctrine--herrera v. Wyoming |
133 Harvard Law Review 402 (November, 2019) |
As the United States expanded and its territories received statehood, questions naturally emerged about how the nature of relationships between the territories and Indian tribes on those lands would change. These questions were complicated by a changing perspective on the inherent sovereignty of Indian Tribes and how that informed what the courts... |
2019 |
Yes |
Jason Mitchell |
Unoccupied: How a Single Word Affects Wyoming's Ability to Regulate Tribal Hunting Through a Federal Treaty; Herrera v. Wyoming |
19 Wyoming Law Review 271 (2019) |
I. Introduction. 272 II. Background. 274 A. The Second Treaty of Fort Laramie. 274 B. Precedent Implicated in the Treaty's Interpretation. 275 1. Ward v. Race Horse. 275 2. Crow Tribe of Indians v. Repsis. 277 3. Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians. 278 III. Wyoming State District Court Opinion. 280 A. Procedural Posture. 280 B. Issue... |
2019 |
Yes |
Sam Halabi |
Viral Sovereignty, Intellectual Property, and the Changing Global System for Sharing Pathogens for Infectious Disease Research |
28 Annals of Health Law and Life Sciences 101 (Winter, 2019) |
Access to biological samples is crucial to the research and development process that leads to diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines to address new and reemerging infectious diseases. Biological samples provide raw data about the pathogen, allow researchers to analyze the evolution of the pathogen, and to understand the mechanisms of replication... |
2019 |
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Nanci K. Carr, J.D. |
Was Allergan's Patent-housing Agreement in Exchange for Sovereign Immunity a "Sham to Subvert the Existing Intellectual Property System?" |
46 Rutgers Law Record 31 (2018-2019) |
Allergan plc was fighting to protect its patents from potential infringers and to delay generic knockoffs in order to maintain its monopoly on Restasis, an eye medication generating in excess of $1.2 billion dollars annually. The Saint Regis Mohawk tribe was not generating enough revenue from its casino to support its $50 million annual budget. The... |
2019 |
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Reuven S. Avi-Yonah , Haiyan Xu |
A Global Treaty Override? The New Oecd Multilateral Tax Instrument and its Limits |
39 Michigan Journal of International Law 155 (Spring, 2018) |
On June 7, 2017, seventy-six countries met in Paris for the official signing of a new multilateral tax instrument (MLI). The text and commentary of the MLI were published in November 2016 by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The OECD stated: The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to... |
2018 |
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Derek Warden |
A Helping Hand: Examining the Relationship Between (1) Title Ii of the Ada's Abrogation of Sovereign Immunity Cases and (2) the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in §1983 and Bivens Cases to Expand and Strengthen Sources of "Clearly Established Law" in Civil |
29 George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 43 (Fall, 2018) |
Civil rights litigation is often primarily focused on the statute, 42 U.S.C. § 1983. However, there are a plethora of other statutes and doctrines that apply to protect civil rights. For example, Title VII protects people from discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Section 1981 prohibits... |
2018 |
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David Lempert, Ph.D., J.D., M.B.A., E.D. (Hon), superlemp@yahoo.com |
A Treatise on International Development Law |
11 DePaul Journal for Social Justice Just. 1 (Winter, 2018) |
Abstract: This article presents an overview of the first legal treatise on international development law, summarizing the codification of international law that the author has developed to hold donors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in international development to their own (international and legal and professional) standards and... |
2018 |
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Kate Gunn |
Agreeing to Share: Treaty 3, History & the Courts |
51 U.B.C. Law Review 75 (January, 2018) |
In 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada opened its landmark judgment in Grassy Narrows with the statement that, upon entering into Treaty 3 in 1873, the Ojibway yielded ownership of their territory to the Government of the Dominion of Canada in exchange for reserve lands, payments, and certain limited rights on nonreserve lands in 1873. The... |
2018 |
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Vern Norviel, Charles Andres, Xiaozhen “Shawn” Yu |
All Patents Are Not Created Equal |
10 Landslide 15 (January/February, 2018) |
The America Invents Act (AIA) created new US post-grant patent challenge proceedings--including inter partes review (IPR). Conducted in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), post-grant challenges are adjudicated by administrative patent judges (APJs) of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). Post-grant challenges have proved... |
2018 |
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