AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKeywords in Title or Summary
Faisal Kutty FOREWORD 29 Southwestern Journal of International Law 235 (2023) I am honored to provide this foreword for the Law Journal Symposium, Responses to Against White Feminism. This symposium is based on the book Against White Feminism: Notes on Disruption by Rafia Zakaria, which provides a critical analysis of mainstream Western feminism and its limitations in being intersectional, inclusive, and transnational. It... 2023 Yes
Lolita Buckner Inniss FOREWORD: EXPANDING THE BOUNDARIES OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SLAVERY AND ITS LEGACY 94 University of Colorado Law Review 381 (Spring, 2023) I taught Property Law for over twenty years before becoming the Dean of the University of Colorado Law School in 2021. In those years I covered the legal, economic, and social aspects of property, both historic and modern, and along the way addressed property in many of its iterations and forms. In my discussions of property law, I not only... 2023  
Suzette M. Malveaux FOREWORD: LOOKING BACK TO MOVE FORWARD: EXPLORING THE LEGACY OF U.S. SLAVERY 94 University of Colorado Law Review 373 (Spring, 2023) This year, the 30th Annual Ira C. Rothgerber Conference brought together scholars, lawyers, and community leaders from all over the country to discuss one of the most salient issues today--the legacy of U.S. slavery. Centuries of systemic racism and discrimination following the brutal chattel slavery of African Americans has resulted in Black... 2023  
Hal Clay FORTY ACRES AND A MULE: AMERICA'S BILL FOR REPARATIONS IS LONG PAST OVERDUE 24 Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice 505 (2023) Introduction. 507 A. The Justification For Timely Reparations Stems From The Historic Injustices Perpetrated On Black Americans. 507 I. History. 517 A. There Are Historical Justifications For Reparations. 517 B. There Is No Better Justification For Reparations Established Than Federal Payments Made To Slave Owners Before And After The Civil War.... 2023  
Jamie M. Jenkins FREE THEIR MINDS: LEGACIES OF ATTICA AND THE THREAT OF BOOKS TO THE CARCERAL STATE 123 Columbia Law Review 2321 (December, 2023) Book bans and censorship battles have garnered considerable attention in recent years, but one of the most critical battlegrounds is kept out of the public eye. Prison officials can ban any book that threatens the security or operations of their facility. This means that the knowledge access rights of incarcerated people are subject to the... 2023  
Michael Selmi FROM DISPARATE IMPACT TO PROTECTING WHITE MEN AND THEIR INTERESTS: THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF TITLE VII 65 Arizona Law Review 1009 (Winter 2023) The early development of employment discrimination law is often perceived as a string of important victories for plaintiffs, although the real story is quite different. Although there were solid victories, including the early creation of the disparate impact theory, the Supreme Court continually refused to adopt a more progressive judicial vision... 2023 Yes
Lucy J. Litt FROM RHYMING BARS TO BEHIND BARS: THE PROBLEMATIC USE OF RAP LYRICS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS 92 UMKC Law Review 121 (Fall, 2023) The use of rap lyrics as evidence in criminal proceedings distorts the art form and heightens the risk of wrongful prosecutions. Rap music is complex and sophisticated; it is an art form with its own history, norms, and conventions. Like other art forms (e.g., spy novels by John le CarrĂ©; ballets by George Balanchine; the Big Apple Circus;... 2023  
Myisha S. Eatmon FROM THE "LEGAL CULTURE OF SLAVERY" TO BLACK LEGAL CULTURE: REIMAGINING THE IMPLICATIONS AND MEANINGS OF BLACK LITIGIOUSNESS IN SLAVERY AND FREEDOM 48 Law and Social Inquiry 1428 (November, 2023) De la Fuente, Alejandro, and Ariela J. Gross. Becoming Free, Becoming Black: Race, Freedom, and Law in Cuba, Virginia, and Louisiana. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 282. Edwards, Laura F. The People and Their Peace: Legal Culture and the Transformation of Inequality in the Post-Revolutionary South. Chapel Hill: University of... 2023  
Mary Holper GANG ACCUSATIONS: THE BEAST THAT BURDENS NONCITIZENS 89 Brooklyn Law Review 119 (Fall, 2023) A teenager from El Salvador attends a high school that is populated mostly by Latine youth. He finds his friends in a group of boys. He gets into a scuffle with another boy. Little does he know, with each of these interactions, he has been accruing points in a database that tracks gang membership and affiliation. The friendships earn him two... 2023 Yes
Caroline Light, Janae Thomas, Alexa Yakubovich GENDER AND STAND YOUR GROUND LAWS: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF EXISTING RESEARCH 51 Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 53 (Spring, 2023) Keywords: Stand Your Ground, Intersectionality, Gender, Domestic Violence, Intimate Partner Violence, Battered Woman Syndrome Abstract: This paper evaluates the existing research on Stand Your Ground (SYG) laws in terms of the extent to which it has accounted for gender. In particular, we address (a) what the available evidence suggests are the... 2023  
Ari Ezra Waldman GENDER DATA IN THE AUTOMATED ADMINISTRATIVE STATE 123 Columbia Law Review 2249 (December, 2023) In myriad areas of public life--from voting to professional licensure--the state collects, shares, and uses sex and gender data in complex algorithmic systems that mete out benefits, verify identity, and secure spaces. But in doing so, the state often erases transgender, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming individuals, subjecting them to the harms... 2023  
Shannon Gilreath, Professor of Law and Professor of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Wake Forest University, Email: sgilreath@wfu.edu GENDER INEQUALITY AND BIOLOGICAL SUPREMACY: A SEX EQUALITY ANALYSIS OF PATRICK PARKINSON'S "NEUTRAL" PROPOSAL 38 Journal of Law and Religion 46 (January, 2023) In this essay, a response to an article by Patrick Parkinson, Shannon Gilreath disputes Parkinson's claim that religiously motivated discrimination against transgender people should be the subject of special exceptions to prevailing antidiscrimination law, especially where the transgender person does not seek to conform to the traditional... 2023  
Claire Lisker GEOGRAPHIC AND LINGUISTIC BELONGING: A PREREQUISITE FOR FULL CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS 39 Chicana/o-Latina/o Law Review 183 (2023) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 184 I. Geographic Belonging. 190 A. The Ethno-Racialized Conception of U.S. Territorial Sovereignty - A Brief History. 190 B. Modern Territorial Sovereignty: Patrolling the Border. 192 II. Linguistic Belonging. 198 A. Jury Exclusions. 199 B. English-Only Rules and Inadequate Title VII and Title VI... 2023  
Renee Nicole Allen GET OUT: STRUCTURAL RACISM AND ACADEMIC TERROR 29 William and Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice 599 (Spring, 2023) The horror is that America . changes all the time, without ever changing at all. --James Baldwin Released in 2017, Jordan Peele's critically acclaimed film Get Out explores the horrors of racism. The film's plot involves the murder and appropriation of Black bodies for the benefit of wealthy, white people. After luring Black people to their country... 2023 Yes
David A. Grenardo GETTING TO THE ROOT OF THE PROBLEM: WHERE ARE ALL THE BLACK OWNERS IN SPORTS? 91 UMKC Law Review 727 (Summer, 2023) As my sufferings mounted I soon realized that there were two ways in which I could respond to my situation--either to react with bitterness or seek to transform the suffering into a creative force. I decided to follow the latter course.--Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Many decry the lack of Black and other minority head coaches and team executives... 2023  
Paul M. Pruitt Jr. GOOD AND FAITHFUL SERVANT: MARSHAL AND LIBRARIAN JUNIUS M. RIGGS AND THE SUPREME COURT LIBRARY OF ALABAMA 115 Law Library Journal 435 (2023) This article follows the career of Junius Riggs (1851-1943), who was librarian of Alabama's Supreme Court Library from 1874 to 1934. Riggs built the library's holdings from 3,000 to 55,000 volumes. The article covers Riggs's presence during controversial times; it also analyses his printed bibliographies. Introduction. 435 Junius Riggs's Childhood... 2023  
Asees Bhasin, Gregory Curfman, M.D. GUTTING GRUTTER: THE EFFECT OF THE LOSS OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ON DIVERSITY AMONG PHYSICIANS 20 Indiana Health Law Review 1 (2023) Over the last four decades, race-conscious admission policies have been the subject of heated judicial and social controversy. In 1978, in the case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the consideration of race was held to be permissible to serve the compelling interest of promoting diversity in higher education. Since then, this issue... 2023  
Megan Uren HARMFUL MACRO AND MICRO IMPACTS OF FACEBOOK PERSONALIZED TARGETED ADVERTISING: WHY THE UNITED STATES NEEDS TO FOLLOW THE EUROPEAN UNION'S LEAD ON REGULATING DIGITAL PLATFORM ADVERTISING 51 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 181 (Spring, 2023) In 2021, Facebook averaged a $3,644 profit every second from online advertising revenue on its platform. Over one year that profit totaled to $114.93 billion. This profit reflects the unprecedented role of social media in our digital-driven society, social media now integrated into daily routine for most. The business models of these social media... 2023  
B. Jessie Hill HISTORY'S SPEECH ACTS 108 Iowa Law Review 2215 (July, 2023) ABSTRACT: This Essay considers the historic relationship between symbolic public expressions of racial and religious identity--in particular, Confederate symbols and Christian religious displays. These displays sometimes comprise shared symbology, and the adoption of this symbology overlaps at distinct moments in U.S. history in which Confederate... 2023  
Steven Arrigg Koh HOW DO PROSECUTORS "SEND A MESSAGE"? 57 U.C. Davis Law Review 353 (November, 2023) The recent indictments of former President Trump are stirring national debate about their effects on American society. Commentators speculate on the cases' impact outside of the courtroom--on the 2024 election, on political polarization, and on the future of American democracy. Such cases originated in the prosecutor's office, begging the question... 2023  
Hannah Shankman HOW TO CLOSE PANDORA'S DOX: A CASE FOR THE FEDERAL REGULATION OF DOXING 33 University of Florida Journal of Law and Public Policy 273 (Spring, 2023) Doxing, or the sharing of one's personally identifiable information on the Internet without consent, saw a boom during the COVID-19 pandemic. It became a way for Internet users to punish people for racist, rude, or anti-masking behavior and to quench a collective thirst for justice. While some continue to view doxing as an exercise in... 2023  
Sumra Wahid HOW TO GET AWAY WITH DISCRIMINATION: THE USE OF ALGORITHMS TO DISCRIMINATE IN THE INTERNET ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY 31 American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy and the Law 107 (2023) I. Introduction. 108 II. Background. 111 A. Social Media Technologies Have Created a Socially Acceptable Form of Social Categorization. 111 1. Social Media Platforms Use Algorithms for User Satisfaction and Profit. 111 2. Content Creators of Color Are Adversely Affected by Algorithm Biases. 113 3. Objective Algorithms Are Capable of Bias. 115 B.... 2023  
Jeffrey S. Adler 'I LAID EARL AND CLEMENTINE ON A CHAIR AND WHIPPED THEM': CHILD MURDER AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN THE JIM CROW SOUTH 63 American Journal of Legal History 19 (March, 2023) This article explores a horrific 1945 child murder in New Orleans and argues that the case revealed broader developments in Southern criminal justice in the age of Jim Crow. Ernestine Bonneval tied her young children to an ironing board and lashed them, killing her 7-year-old daughter. The murder generated outrage, with residents demanding severe... 2023  
Nina Farnia IMPERIALISM AND BLACK DISSENT 75 Stanford Law Review 397 (February, 2023) Abstract. As U.S. imperialism expanded during the twentieth century, the modern national security state came into being and became a major force in the suppression of Black dissent. This Article reexamines the modern history of civil liberties law and policy and contends that Black Americans have historically had uneven access to the right to... 2023  
Cori Alonso-Yoder IMPERIALIST IMMIGRATION REFORM 91 Fordham Law Review 1623 (April, 2023) For decades, one of the most challenging domestic policy matters has been immigration reform. Dogged by controversial notions of what makes for a desirable immigrant and debates about enforcement and amnesty, elected officials have largely given up on achieving comprehensive, bipartisan immigration solutions. The lack of federal action has led to... 2023  
William J. Fife III , Beylul Solomon INDIGENOUS RIGHTS: A PATHWAY TO END AMERICAN SECOND-CLASS CITIZENSHIP 32 Southern California Review of Law & Social Justice 59 (Winter, 2023) Nearly 4 million American residents in U.S. territories are second-class citizens, lacking individual and collective voting rights and burdened with other gross socioeconomic and healthcare disparities. These disparities affect many honorable veterans that suffer from physical and mental injuries due to fighting for rights they themselves do not... 2023  
Alicia R. Jackson INHERENTLY UNEQUAL: THE EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL RACISM AND BIAS ON K-12 SCHOOL DISCIPLINE 88 Brooklyn Law Review 459 (Winter, 2023) The true character of society is revealed in how it treats its children.-- Nelson Mandela Overly harsh and discriminatory school discipline policies and biased decision-making practices have led to the disproportionate punishment of Black children, causing them to be excluded from classroom learning and creating a separate and unequal education... 2023  
Richard Delgado , Allen Slater INTEREST CONVERGENCE IN IMMIGRATION LAW AND THEORY 73 Case Western Reserve Law Review 771 (Spring, 2023) C1-2Contents Introduction. 772 I. Immigration Law Scholarship: A Critical Desert. 779 II. Derrick Bell's Interest-Convergence Hypothesis. 780 III. Applying Interest Convergence to Present-Day Immigration Law and Practice--Six Constituencies with a Stake in Change. 782 A. Retirees. 783 B. The Military. 785 C. Major Corporations and the Economy. 787... 2023  
Jack B. Harrison IS A GREEN TIE ENOUGH? - TRUTH AND LIES IN THE COURTROOM 75 Oklahoma Law Review 687 (Summer, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents I. Introduction. 688 A. What Does Jury Selection Have to Do With Green Ties?. 688 B. So, What Then Is the Problem?. 690 II. Origin of the Jury Trial and Juror Challenges in England. 695 III. The Development and Evolution of the Peremptory Challenge in England. 704 IV. The Peremptory Challenge in America Prior to the Civil War.... 2023  
Benjamin J. Priester IS ORIGINALISM A FANDOM? 53 Stetson Law Review 29 (Fall, 2023) During confirmation hearings for the U.S. Supreme Court in March 2022, Justice Kentanji Brown Jackson briefly remarked upon originalism as a method of constitutional interpretation. What significance should we attribute to a successful nominee of a Democratic president speaking in relatively favorable terms about a judicial philosophy espoused by... 2023  
Marina Zaloznaya , Alexandria Yakes , James Wo IS WHITE-COLLAR CRIME WHITE? RACIALIZATION IN THE NATIONAL PRESS COVERAGE OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME FROM 1950 TO 2010 48 Law and Social Inquiry 1117 (November, 2023) While much is written about racialization of street criminals in the American media, racial dimensions of the media framing of white-collar crime remain underexplored. To address this issue, we analyze the coverage of bribery, electoral fraud, tax evasion, and insider trading in five national newspapers between 1950 and 2010. Drawing on John... 2023 Yes
Blanche Bong Cook JEFFREY EPSTEIN: PEDOPHILES, PROSECUTORS, AND POWER 26 Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 311 (Spring, 2023) This isn't about bad men, though they were most assuredly bad men . It's about a system that is void of integrity. Mistakes can happen. But if you don't do anything to stop them from happening again, you can't keep calling them mistakes. Jeffrey Epstein, a wealthy, white, billionaire child rapist, ran an international sex trafficking ring. Rather... 2023 Yes
Amelie Daigle JUVENILE DECARCERATION AND STRUCTURAL CULPABILITY 47 New York University Review of Law and Social Change 249 (2023) Introduction. 250 I. The Failure of Juvenile Court. 254 II. Introducing Structural Culpability. 259 A. The Public Health Approach and Environmental Risk Factors. 260 B. Abolition and Transformative Justice. 264 III. Seeking Solutions. 268 A. First-Level Reforms. 270 B. Invest/Divest: Turning Our Backs on the Failed Juvenile Court System. 271... 2023  
Ashley Messenger , Kamesha Laurry KARENS AND KLANS: THE RECENT FLURRY OF LIBEL CASES INVOLVING ALLEGATIONS OF RACISM 38-WTR Communications Lawyer 5 (Winter, 2023) In the last several years, there has been a large upswing in the number of libel claims filed based on statements that allege racism or white supremacy. Much like cases based on #MeToo claims, responding to allegations of gender-based or sexual misconduct, claims based on allegations of racism can be a strategy to silence criticism or to seek... 2023 Yes
Kaylie Hidalgo KEEP AUSTIN . WHITE? HOW EQUITABLE DEVELOPMENT CAN SAVE AUSTIN, TEXAS FROM ITS RACIST PAST AND HOMOGENIZED FUTURE 9 Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 109 (5-Apr-23) More than a century of racist federal, state, and local government policies created inequitable and racially segregated neighborhoods through a practice known as redlining. I-35 in Austin, Texas, represents one of the most iconic and stark segregationist splits in the country, with the Eastside being impoverished and mostly Black while the... 2023 Yes
Maeve Glass KILLING PRECEDENT: THE SLAUGHTER-HOUSE CONSTITUTION 123 Columbia Law Review 1135 (May, 2023) This Essay offers a revisionist account of the Slaughter-House Cases. It argues that the opinion's primary significance lies not in its gutting of the Privileges or Immunities Clause but in its omission of a people's archive of slavery. Decades before the decision, Black abolitionists began compiling the testimonies of refugees who had fled... 2023  
Deborah Cowen LAW AS INFRASTRUCTURE OF COLONIAL SPACE: SKETCHES FROM TURTLE ISLAND 117 AJIL Unbound 5 (2023) The people must fight for the law as for city-walls. Heraclitus's words remind us that law and infrastructure have lived in intimate relation, in practice and thought, for millennia. This intimacy is palpable in the context of settler worldmaking where colonial jurisdiction is enacted by constraining, with an eye to replacing, Indigenous... 2023  
Swethaa S. Ballakrishnen LAW SCHOOL AS STRAIGHT SPACE 91 Fordham Law Review 1113 (March, 2023) Introduction. 1113 I. Speaking of Queer: Gender Marginality in the Legal Profession. 1119 II. The No-Problem Problem: The Everyday Denial of Queer Inequality. 1124 III. The Trouble with Legal Education: Law School as Straight Space. 1132 IV. In the Interest of Justice: Reforming Normative Legal Education. 1135 Conclusion. 1138 2023  
Jhody Polk, Tyler Walton LEGAL EMPOWERMENT IS ABOLITION 98 New York University Law Review Online 282 (June, 2023) L1-2Introduction . L3282 I. The Story of Our Confluence: Jhody Asks, What Could Legal Empowerment Look Like in the United States?. 285 II. Incarceration and Abolition. 289 A. Tyler Experiences the Intellectual Incarceration of the Law. 290 B. Jhody Experiences Liberation Through Learning the Law. 291 C. Incarceration. 295 D. Interrogating... 2023  
Dr. Julie Shackford-Bradley LEGAL VIOLENCE AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE 20 Hastings Race and Poverty Law Journal 103 (Spring, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 103 A Framework for Examining Legal Violence:. 106 The Scope and Scale of Legal Violence in Immigrant Communities. 106 Legal Violence as experienced by Indigenous Peoples in the US: A Focus on the Major Crimes Act of 1885. 109 Black Communities' experiences of Legal Violence through Mass Incarceration. 117 Arenas... 2023  
Dr. Julie Shackford-Bradley LEGAL VIOLENCE AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE 34 Hastings Journal on Gender and the Law 103 (Spring, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 103 A Framework for Examining Legal Violence:. 106 The Scope and Scale of Legal Violence in Immigrant Communities. 106 Legal Violence as experienced by Indigenous Peoples in the US: A Focus on the Major Crimes Act of 1885. 109 Black Communities' experiences of Legal Violence through Mass Incarceration. 117 Arenas... 2023  
Kindaka Sanders LET MY PEOPLE GO, PART ONE: BLACK REBELLION AND THE SECOND AMENDMENT POLITICAL NECESSITY DEFENSE 31 William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal 765 (March, 2023) This Article argues that when an individual or group acts to protect a government-assailed constitutional right by criminal means, the doctrine of political necessity may serve as a constitutionally protected defense. The doctrine of political necessity builds on the common law doctrine of necessity. The necessity doctrine, also referred to as the... 2023  
Priyasha Saksena LIMPING MARRIAGES: RACE, CLASS, AND THE RISE OF DOMICILE-BASED DIVORCE JURISDICTION IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE 63 American Journal of Legal History 36 (March, 2023) In this article, I trace the development of domicile as the basis of divorce jurisdiction in English private international law. The maintenance of English domicile became closely related to the retention of white identity, with white British subjects who became domiciled in non-white colonies such as India being relegated to racially ambiguous... 2023 Yes
Jessica M. Williams LOOKING A CERTAIN WAY: HOW DEFUNCT SUBJECTIVE STANDARDS OF MEDIA REGULATION CONTINUE TO AFFECT BLACK WOMEN 111 California Law Review 247 (February, 2023) Regulatory enforcement is only as good as the standards to be enforced. I argue here that subjective standards formerly in place at the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) and the United States Patent & Trademark Office (PTO) were imbued with the White-centric beliefs of its designers and enforcers. Drawing on critical race... 2023 Yes
Eric J. Miller LOVING REPARATIONS 94 University of Colorado Law Review 395 (Spring, 2023) Introduction. 395 I. Brief History of the Massacre. 398 II. Loving Blackness Through Reparations. 404 III. More than Economic Reparations. 407 IV. Group and Community Eligiblity. 411 Conclusion: What Does Solidarity Look Like?. 412 2023  
Erica Witter MAKING AMENDS: LOCALIZING AND IMPLEMENTING HOUSING REPARATION PROGRAMS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS AFFECTED BY DISCRIMINATORY HOUSING POLICIES 15 Drexel Law Review 509 (2023) In Philadelphia, there is a significant gap in African American home ownership that has contributed to many of the problems that African American residents face today. Decreased industrialization, high poverty rates, crime, and loss in property values are direct consequences of housing discrimination by state and private actors. This Note... 2023  
Francisco Valdes MAPPING AND MOBILIZING LEGAL CRITICALITIES: MAKING THE MOVE FROM DIASPORA TO COLLECTIVE OR LEGAL SCHOLARS MAKING A DIFFERENCE AS CULTURAL WARRIORS 100 Denver Law Review 625 (Spring, 2023) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction. 625 I. Identity, Ideology, Inequality: Mounting Cultural Warfare by Force of Law--and by Unlawful Force. 634 II. Racial Totalitarianism: Using History, Knowledge, and Education for Mind Control--and for Group Dominance. 644 III. Recent Developments in U.S. Academia: The Critical (Legal) Collective Coalesces. 654... 2023  
Gregory Brazeal MARKETS AS LEGAL CONSTRUCTIONS 91 University of Cincinnati Law Review 595 (2023) C1-2Contents I. Introduction. 595 II. Government Versus the Market in the Reagan Era. 601 A. The Evidence. 602 1. The Tea Party--and Richard Posner. 602 2. From Laissez Faire to Free Enterprise. 606 3. Milton Friedman, Ayn Rand, and the Freedom School. 609 4. Contemporary Testimony. 614 5. Thomas Piketty versus Mehrsa Baradaran. 621 B. A... 2023  
Shayak Sarkar NEED-BASED EMPLOYMENT 64 Boston College Law Review 119 (January, 2023) Introduction. 120 I. Productivity and Beyond. 127 II. Need-Based Employment in Practice. 131 A. Historical Precedent: Need Through the New Deal's Work Programs. 131 1. Need-Based Employment Before the New Deal. 131 2. Need and the New Deal's Pre-WPA Work Programs. 133 3. Need and the WPA. 135 B. Contemporary Need-Based Employment. 138 1. Federal... 2023  
Jacqueline Nafstad NEW JIM CROW OF THE NORTH: CFOS, NUISANCE, AND NEOSEGREGATION 44 Mitchell Hamline Law Journal of Public Policy and Practice 142 (Spring, 2023) I. Introduction. 143 II. History of Crime-Free Housing Ordinances. 146 III. Crime-Free Housing Ordinances as Neosegregation. 148 A. Robbinsdale's CFO and Mandatory Evictions. 148 B. CFOs Perfect Slavery. 150 C. The White Right to Exclude and the Inevitability of Black Exclusion. 151 D. Neosegregation--Two Robbinsdales. 152 IV. Nuisance... 2023 Yes
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