AuthorTitleCitationSummaryYearKeywords in Title or Summary
Kaiponanea T. Matsumura BREAKING DOWN STATUS 98 Washington University Law Review 671 (2021) The law regulates some of society's most significant relationships through status. Yet social and legal changes can diminish a status's effectiveness and importance. The debates surrounding worker classification and nonmarital relationship recognition provide two pressing examples. By some estimates, over one quarter of all U.S. workers are part of... 2021  
Sawyer Like BURNING IN THE MELTING POT: AMERICAN POLICING AND THE INTERNAL COLONIZATION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS 22 Rutgers Race & the Law Review 333 (2021) We inherit the belief that the past does not matter - we can start over, we can go beyond the racial thinking that, deep down, nearly every American has known is not a wise way of thinking - the funny and often tragic part being that this anti-historical belief is itself an inheritance from our past. On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old... 2021  
Sophie Thackray CAN'T NOBODY TELL HIM NOTHIN': "OLD TOWN ROAD" AND THE REAPPROPRIATION OF COUNTRY MUSIC BY THE YEEHAW AGENDA 10 Arizona State Sports & Entertainment Law Journal 29 (Spring, 2021) This Note examines country music's cultural reappropriation by Black artists, using Lil Nas X's Old Town Road as a central example. This Note analyzes musical genre through an intellectual property lens and details the theoretical claims against Old Town Road by the country music establishment, including trademark, copyright, and the First... 2021  
Gowri J. Krishna, Kelly Pfeifer, Dana Thompson CARING FOR THE SOULS OF OUR STUDENTS: THE EVOLUTION OF A COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CLINIC DURING TURBULENT TIMES 28 Clinical Law Review 243 (Fall, 2021) Community Economic Development (CED) clinicians regularly address issues surrounding economic, racial, and social justice, as those are the core principles motivating their work to promote vibrant, diverse, and sustainable communities. When COVID-19 arrived, and heightened attention to police brutality and racial injustice ensued, CED clinicians... 2021  
Brian Elzweig CASTE DISCRIMINATION AND FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT LAW IN THE UNITED STATES 44 University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review 57 (Fall, 2021) In 2020, the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (CDFEH) brought a case against Cisco Systems, Inc. (Cisco) and two of its employees on behalf of a John Doe plaintiff for discrimination and harassment based on religion, ancestry, national origin/ethnicity, and race/color. It was claimed that the discrimination and harassment... 2021  
J. A. Tyler Coloring matter as forbidden adulteration of food 56 American Law Reports ALR2d 1957) (2021) This annotation is intended to collect the American cases which treat the question of whether the addition of coloring matter constitutes forbidden adulteration of food. The term food" is used herein in a broad sense 2021  
Lihi Yona COMING OUT OF THE SHADOWS: THE NON-WESTERN CRITIQUE OF DIGNITY 27 Columbia Journal of European Law 34 (Spring, 2021) In legal and philosophical literature, dignity is often praised as the great equalizer, providing a conceptual framework for the moral advancement from hierarchical to egalitarian societies. The past few decades have witnessed the consolidation of dignity, both in U.S. constitutional law and around the world, within the transnational grammar of... 2021  
Dylan Asafo CONFRONTING THE LIES THAT PROTECT RACIST HATE SPEECH: TOWARDS HONEST HATE SPEECH LAWS IN NEW ZEALAND AND THE UNITED STATES 38 UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal 1 (Spring, 2021) This Article provides a comparative critique of hate speech jurisprudence in New Zealand and the United States by building on insights from Critical Race Theory (CRT) scholars. My main argument is that neither of these liberal democracies protect the right to freedom of expression/speech as they claim, but in fact dishonestly protect a right to... 2021  
Ion Meyn CONSTRUCTING SEPARATE AND UNEQUAL COURTROOMS 63 Arizona Law Review 1 (Spring, 2021) Federal reform transformed civil and criminal litigation in the early 1940s. The new civil rules sought to achieve adversarial balance as it afforded litigants, virtually all white, with powerful discovery tools. In contrast, the new criminal rules denied defendants, often litigants of color, any power to discover information. Instead, the new... 2021 Yes
William B. Morrison COUNTRY CLUB SPORTS: THE DISPARATE IMPACT OF ATHLETE ADMISSIONS AT ELITE UNIVERSITIES 46 Brigham Young University Law Review 883 (2021) While conservative advocacy groups criticize affirmative action as anti-meritocratic, many universities give similar admissions preferences based on ostensibly race-neutral characteristics that highly correlate with wealth and whiteness. Using data made public through the recent legal challenge to Harvard's affirmative action policies,... 2021 Yes
Laila L. Hlass , Lindsay M. Harris CRITICAL INTERVIEWING 2021 Utah Law Review 683 (2021) Critical lawyering--also at times called rebellious, community, and movement lawyering--attempts to further social justice alongside impacted communities. While much has been written about the contours of this form of lawyering and case examples illustrating core principles, little has been written about the mechanics of teaching critical lawyering... 2021  
E. Tendayi Achiume , Devon W. Carbado CRITICAL RACE THEORY MEETS THIRD WORLD APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL LAW 67 UCLA Law Review 1462 (April, 2021) By and large, Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) exist in separate epistemic universes. This Article argues that the borders between these two fields are unwarranted. Specifically, the Article articulates six parallel ways in which CRT and TWAIL have exposed and challenged the racial dimensions of... 2021  
Rosa Nielsen DEPORTATION AND DEPRAVITY: DOES FAILURE TO REGISTER AS A SEX OFFENDER INVOLVE MORAL TURPITUDE? 78 Washington and Lee Law Review 1157 (Summer, 2021) Under U.S. immigration law, non-citizens are subject to deportation following certain criminal convictions. One deportation category is for crimes involving moral turpitude, or CIMTs. This category usually refers to crimes that involve fraud or actions seen as particularly depraved. For example, tax evasion and spousal abuse are CIMTs, but simple... 2021  
Nicholas Loh DIASPORIC DREAMS: LAW, WHITENESS, AND THE ASIAN AMERICAN IDENTITY 48 Fordham Urban Law Journal 1331 (October, 2021) Introduction. 1331 I. Historical Artifacts--Anti-Asian Animus. 1335 A. Exclusion and Litigating Whiteness. 1335 B. Alien Land Laws and Internment. 1341 II. Assimilation, Covering, and Honorary Whiteness. 1345 A. Assimilation and the Model Minority Myth. 1346 B. Covering. 1348 C. The Choice for a New Generation of Assimilated Asian Americans. 1351... 2021 Yes
Kris Franklin, Rory Bahadur DIRECTED QUESTIONS: A NON-SOCRATIC DIALOGUE ABOUT NON-SOCRATIC TEACHING 99 University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 1 (Fall, 2021) There are some very good reasons why the case method has long been the signature pedagogy in legal education. No, wait--the problem method has real advantages over Socratic questioning for teaching law students to think like lawyers. Or maybe case files and simulations. Law classes should be flipped to maximize student learning. With all of this... 2021  
Matiangai Sirleaf DISPOSABLE LIVES: COVID-19, VACCINES, AND THE UPRISING 121 Columbia Law Review Forum 71 (June 1, 2021) If I can be provocative, shouldn't this study be done in Africa, where there are no masks, no treatment, no intensive care, a bit like some studies on AIDS or among prostitutes. We try things, because we know they . are highly exposed and they don't protect themselves. What do you think about that? --Jean-Paul Mira, Head of the Intensive Care... 2021  
Corynn Wilson DOMESTIC TERRORISM SHOULD BE A CRIME: FIGHTING WHITE SUPREMACIST VIOLENCE LIKE CONGRESS FOUGHT "ANIMAL ENTERPRISE TERRORISM" 58 Houston Law Review 749 (Winter, 2021) White supremacist violence has steadily increased in recent years, leading to hundreds of senseless murders in the United States. The shooting epidemic in the United States has caused cyclical firearm regulation debates and calls to classify the murderers as domestic terrorists. Currently, there is no way to charge mass shooters as domestic... 2021 Yes
John Reynolds EMERGENCY AND MIGRATION, RACE AND THE NATION 67 UCLA Law Review 1768 (April, 2021) Europe's borders are racial borders. The European Union's external border regime underpins continuing forms of European imperialism and neocolonialism. It reinforces a particular imaginary of Europeanness as whiteness, euphemistically dressed up as a European Way of Life to be protected. It nonetheless sits comfortably within the permissible... 2021 Yes
Nancy Leong ENJOYED BY WHITE CITIZENS 109 Georgetown Law Journal 1421 (June, 2021) Whiteness is invisible in American law. The U.S. Constitution never mentions white people. Indeed, the entirety of constitutional and statutory law, at both the federal and state level, includes only two antidiscrimination statutes that refer explicitly to white people. These Reconstructionera statutes--42 U.S.C. § 1981 and § 1982--declare that all... 2021 Yes
Veronica Root Martinez, Gina-Gail S. Fletcher EQUALITY METRICS 130 Yale Law Journal Forum 869 (June 1, 2021) This time is different. This time the death of another Black man at the hands of white police officers prompted calls for change not only within police departments, but across all aspects of American life. Those calls for change resulted in significant displays of support for the Black Lives Matter movement and interest in how to... 2021 Yes
Michele Goodwin EXCERPT OF LAW AND ANTI-BLACKNESS 26 Michigan Journal of Race and Law 113 (Winter, 2021) Editor's Note: this Essay is a brief excerpt from a longer piece which will be published in the Michigan Journal of Race & Law Winter 2021 Issue. During the spring and summer of 2020, as COVID-19 rapidly spread throughout the United States, infecting and killing thousands of Americans including children, the enduring colorline manifested. As of... 2021  
Jessica A. Shoemaker FEE SIMPLE FAILURES: RURAL LANDSCAPES AND RACE 119 Michigan Law Review 1695 (June, 2021) Property law's roots are rural. America pursued an early agrarian vision that understood real property rights as instrumental to achieving a country of free, engaged citizens who cared for their communities and stewarded their physical place in it. But we have drifted far from this ideal. Today, American agriculture is industrialized, and rural... 2021  
Ernesto Hernández-López FOOD OPPRESSION: LESSONS FROM SKIMMED FOR A PANDEMIC 57 California Western Law Review 243 (Spring, 2021) In her book, Skimmed: Breastfeeding, Race, and Injustice, Andrea Freeman powerfully illustrates how differences in circumstances shape the decisions Black and White mothers make to feed their infants. Skimmed explores an important topic, which surely impacts each person as newborns--breastfeeding. Specifically, the book presents how White privilege... 2021 Yes
Alden A. Fletcher FORCED BETTING THE FARM: HOW HISTORIC PRESERVATION LAW FAILS POOR AND NONWHITE COMMUNITIES 109 Georgetown Law Journal 1543 (June, 2021) This Note discusses historic preservation law in the context of the redevelopment fight over the Washington, D.C. neighborhood, Barry Farm. The Note argues that historic preservation law is inadequately structured to protect and preserve properties associated with poor and nonwhite communities. The Note closely examines the efforts of Barry Farm... 2021 Yes
Eric K. Yamamoto , Susan K. Serrano FOREWORD TO THE REPUBLICATION OF RACIALIZING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE 92 University of Colorado Law Review 1383 (Special Issue 2021) Systemic racism! The burgeoning 2020 Black Lives Matter protests vaulted this formerly whispered phrase into mainstream public consciousness. Through news headlines, social media, educational classes, opinion essays, word of mouth, and more, America grappled with the enormity of racism as a form of oppression of people and communities, as... 2021  
D. Wendy Greene FOREWORD TO THE REPUBLICATION OF TITLE VII: WHAT'S HAIR (AND OTHER RACE-BASED CHARACTERISTICS) GOT TO DO WITH IT? 92 University of Colorado Law Review 1265 (Special Issue 2021) Since the eras of racial slavery and racial apartheid in this country, racial discrimination and subordination on the basis of African descendants' natural hair texture have existed and persisted. African descendants' hair texture, like their skin color, has served as a marker of racial identity and consequently, the basis of their legal... 2021  
Renee Nicole Allen FROM ACADEMIC FREEDOM TO CANCEL CULTURE: SILENCING BLACK WOMEN IN THE LEGAL ACADEMY 68 UCLA Law Review 364 (August, 2021) In 1988, Black women law professors formed the Northeast Corridor Collective of Black Women Law Professors, a network of Black women in the legal academy. They supported one another's scholarship, shared personal experiences of systemic gendered racism, and helped one another navigate the law school white space. A few years later, their stories... 2021 Yes
Laura Perry FROM BROCK TURNER TO BRIAN BANKS: PROTECTING VICTIMS AND PRESERVING DUE PROCESS IN THE NEW AREA OF TITLE IX 14 DePaul Journal for Social Justice 1 (Summer, 2021) C1-2Table of Contents Introduction: From Brock Turner to Brian Banks. 3 Part I: History of Title IX. 9 A. Title IX Background. 9 B. Title IX and the History of Sexual Assault on University Campuses. 11 1. The 1997 and 2001 Office for Civil Rights Guidelines. 11 2. The Obama Era: Office for Civil Rights Guidelines. 13 a. The 2011 Dear Colleague... 2021  
Megan Armstrong FROM LYNCHING TO CENTRAL PARK KAREN: HOW WHITE WOMEN WEAPONIZE WHITE WOMANHOOD 32 Hastings Women's Law Journal 27 (Winter, 2021) In recent years, we have seen an influx of Karens and otherwise nicknamed white women gain infamy on the internet. Though sometimes the behavior of these women is innocuous and merely entitled, the pejorative nickname Karen has also become a term for white women engaging in racist behavior. A typical scenario involves a white woman calling the... 2021 Yes
Dr. Donald F. Tibbs FROM TIKTOK TO RACIAL VIOLENCE: ANTI-BLACKNESS IN THE GENDERED SPHERE 33 Saint Thomas Law Review 198 (Spring, 2021) The impact of Covid-19 on racial and social consciousness during 2020 was significant. While much of the world was in social incapacitation, we passed the time by tuning into our televisions and social devices. The local and national news told stories of the rising number of deaths lost to the virus. Particularly hard hit by the virus were people... 2021  
Amber Joy Powell , Michelle S. Phelps GENDERED RACIAL VULNERABILITY: HOW WOMEN CONFRONT CRIME AND CRIMINALIZATION 55 Law and Society Review 429 (September, 2021) Prior research illustrates how race-class subjugated communities are over-policed and under-protected, producing high rates of victimization by other community members and the police. Yet few studies explore how gender and race structure dual frustration, despite a long line of Black feminist scholarship on the interpersonal, gender-based, and... 2021  
Darryl Li GENRES OF UNIVERSALISM: READING RACE INTO INTERNATIONAL LAW, WITH HELP FROM SYLVIA WYNTER 67 UCLA Law Review 1686 (April, 2021) Taking note of the relatively limited accounts of race in contemporary international legal doctrine, this Article posits a thought experiment: What would international legal theorizing look like not from the place of the metropole or the colony, but rather from the journey of the enslaved, from the barracoon to the hold of the slave ship to the... 2021  
Shari C. Mackinson, PhD Candidate, Graduate Division of Religion, Emory University GOD'S LAW AND ORDER: THE POLITICS OF PUNISHMENT IN EVANGELICAL AMERICA. BY AARON GRIFFITH. CAMBRIDGE, MA: HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2020. PP. 335. $35.00 (CLOTH), $35.00 (DIGITAL). ISBN: 9780674238787 36 Journal of Law and Religion 443 (August, 2021) Historians and theologians often frame white evangelical political movements as a backlash against trends in secular culture. In God's Law and Order: The Politics of Punishment in Evangelical America, Aaron Griffith argues that evangelical engagement around crime and punishment after WWI aligned with that of the broader American public. President... 2021 Yes
Todd Anthony Walker HEALING RACISM'S WOUNDS: ON RACIAL RECKONING & OBAMA'S "A PROMISED LAND" 6 Columbia Human Rights Law Review Online 34 (November 11, 2021) Legal controversies surrounding race and racism have persisted in America from its inception, but not without intervention. Supreme Court decisions in Dred Scott, Plessy and Brown trace the Court's jurisprudential evolution while, legislatively, the passage of the post-civil rights Amendments, and, more recently, The Civil Rights Act of 1964,... 2021  
Jennifer M. Smith , Elliot O. Jackson HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES: A MODEL FOR AMERICAN EDUCATION 14 Florida A & M University Law Review 103 (Winter, 2021) The whole world opened to me when I learned to read. ~ Mary McLeod Bethune Hungry for freedom and knowledge, enslaved Blacks engaged in a massive general strike against slavery by transferring their labor from the Confederate planter to the Northern invader, and this decided the Civil War. In 1865, the North conquered the South, and slavery... 2021  
Rachel D. Godsil, Sarah E. Waldeck HOME EQUITY: RETHINKING RACE AND FEDERAL HOUSING POLICY 98 Denver Law Review 523 (Spring, 2021) Neighborhoods shape every element of our lives. Where we live determines economic opportunities; our exposure to police and pollution; and the availability of positive amenities for a healthy life. Home inequity--both financial and racial--is not accidental. Federal government programs have armed white people with agency to construct white spaces... 2021 Yes
Ayushi Neogi HOW DOES IT FEEL TO BE A SOLUTION?: HOW SOUTH ASIAN MIGRATION FROM 1885 TO 1923 CREATED A MODERN SOUTH ASIAN "OTHER" USED TO PROMOTE CONSERVATIVE RHETORIC 48 Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 508 (Spring, 2021) This note seeks to understand the place of a South Asian American in a country that considers itself bi-racial. The note analyzes the racial ambiguity of the South Asian in two major historical contexts. First, it provides an overview of the legal history of South Asian migration, the first wave of which occurred from 1885 to 1923. It analyzes... 2021  
Karla M. McKanders IMMIGRATION AND RACIAL JUSTICE: ENFORCING THE BORDERS OF BLACKNESS 37 Georgia State University Law Review 1139 (Summer, 2021) Black immigrants are invisible at the intersection of their race and immigration status. Until recently, conversations on border security, unlawful immigration, and national security obscured racially motivated laws seeking to halt the blackening and browning of America. This Article engages with the impact of immigration enforcement at the... 2021  
Susan Ayres INSIDE THE MASTER'S GATES: RESOURCES AND TOOLS TO DISMANTLE RACISM AND SEXISM IN HIGHER EDUCATION 21 Journal of Law in Society 20 (Winter, 2021) INTRODUCTION. 21 I. DISMANTLING THE MASTER'S HOUSE: RESOURCES. 28 II. SUBSTANCE OF FIRE AND THE STORYTELLING MOVEMENT. 31 A. The Backstory. 31 B. Overview of Substance of Fire. 33 C. The Case for Storytelling. 35 III. SUBSTANCE OF FIRE: NARRATIVES AND COUNTER-STORYTELLING. 37 A. Lack of Mentors, Microaggressions. 38 B. Performing Gender, Safe... 2021  
Nicole P. Dyszlewski INTEGRATING DIVERSITY INTO THE 1L CURRICULUM, ONE LIBRARIAN AT A TIME 25 U.C. Davis Social Justice Law Review 64 (Summer, 2021) As I start this essay, I sit at my computer anxious and afraid that I am too white and too untenured to write an essay on a topic as big and important as successfully integrating social justice, diversity, equity, racial justice, equality, oppression, and inclusion into the curriculum in American law schools. I feel this way for a number of... 2021 Yes
Frank Rudy Cooper INTERSECTIONALITY, POLICE EXCESSIVE FORCE, AND CLASS 89 George Washington Law Review 1452 (December, 2021) Recent uprisings over the failure to hold police officers responsible for killing civilians--from Ferguson, Missouri to nationwide George Floyd protests--show the importance of excessive force as a social problem. Some scholars have launched racial critiques of policing as resulting from explicit or implicit racial bias. Others blame the United... 2021  
Dorothy A. Brown INTRODUCTION 70 Emory Law Journal 1413 (2021) The idea for this Special Issue began with a conversation between me and Mr. Sam Reilly, the then Editor-in-Chief of the Emory Law Journal. Mr. Reilly and I go way back--all the way to his first semester in law school when he was a student in my Legislation and Regulation class. I subsequently selected him to become one of my research assistants... 2021  
David A. Grenardo IT'S WORTH A SHOT: CAN SPORTS COMBAT RACISM IN THE UNITED STATES? 12 Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law 237 (Spring, 2021) Racism has stained this country throughout its history, and racism persists today in the United States, including in sports. Sports represent a reflection of society and its ills, but they can also provide a powerful means to combat racism. This article examines the state of racism in society and sports both historically and today. It also provides... 2021  
Susan Azyndar , Susan David deMaine KEEPING UP WITH NEW LEGAL TITLES 113 Law Library Journal 217 (Summer, 2021) Coughlin, Christine, Sandy Patrick, Matthew Houston, and Elizabeth McCurry Johnson. Modern Legal Scholarship: A Guide to Producing and Publishing Scholarly and Professional Writing. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2020. 250p. $41. Reviewed by Katie Brown ¶1 Modern Legal Scholarship: A Guide to Producing and Publishing Scholarly and... 2021  
Aziz Rana KEYNOTE SPEECH, UCLA LAW REVIEW SYMPOSIUM 2020: LAW AND EMPIRE IN THE AMERICAN CENTURY 67 UCLA Law Review 1432 (April, 2021) This keynote speech was delivered on January 31, 2020. It argues that dominant narratives of American legal liberalism and global exceptionalism increasingly find themselves under real political and intellectual strain, even among mainstream scholars and practitioners of constitutional law and public international law. The speech then draws from... 2021  
Fareed Nassor Hayat KILLING DUE PROCESS: DOUBLE JEOPARDY, WHITE SUPREMACY AND GANG PROSECUTIONS 69 UCLA Law Review Discourse 18 (2021) The Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution holds that no person shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb for the same offense. Read plainly, a person cannot be tried or punished more than once for a single crime. Yet in recent decades, as legislatures have expanded the prosecutorial state with weapons designed to punish more criminal... 2021 Yes
Trevor George Gardner LAW AND ORDER AS THE FOUNDATIONAL PARADOX OF THE TRUMP PRESIDENCY 73 Stanford Law Review Online 141 (June, 2021) This Essay scrutinizes the feuding between the Trump White House and various federal law enforcement agencies, concurrent with criminal lawbreaking in the Trump Administration, in an effort to extend scholarly understanding of the relationship between law-and-order politics and popular regard for rule-of-law principles. Sociolegal... 2021 Yes
Mona Alsaidi LEGALLY WHITE, EFFECTIVELY OTHERED: RECOGNIZING AND INVESTING IN ARAB AMERICAN COMMUNITIES 94 Temple Law Review 99 (Fall, 2021) During the first presidential debate in September 2020, President Biden effortlessly spoke the Arabic phrase inshallah, meaning God willing. President Biden's use of the phrase did not go unnoticed--some viewed it as a nod to Arabs and Muslims, and others criticized it as pandering or inappropriate. About a month after this debate, then-candidate... 2021 Yes
Sarah J. Schendel LISTEN!: AMPLIFYING THE EXPERIENCES OF BLACK LAW SCHOOL GRADUATES IN 2020 100 Nebraska Law Review 73 (2021) C1-2TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction. 74 II. The Survey. 79 A. Methodology. 79 B. Survey Questions. 80 III. An Overview of Responses. 81 A. A Grief Gap: The Mental, Physical, and Emotional Toll of COVID-19. 81 B. The Mental, Physical, and Emotional Impact of Racism. 83 C. The Impact of Changes to the Bar Exam. 87 1. Postponement. 87 2.... 2021  
Kristen A. Carpenter LIVING THE SACRED: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, DEFEND THE SACRED: NATIVE AMERICAN RELIGIOUS FREEDOM BEYOND THE FIRST AMENDMENT. BY MICHAEL D. MCNALLY. PRINCETON, N.J.: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS. 2020. PP. 376. $99.95 134 Harvard Law Review 2103 (April, 2021) In recent years, the Supreme Court has shown solicitude for religious freedom claims arising under the First Amendment and federal statutes. Cases expanding the scope of free exercise and narrowing limitations on government establishment have favored religious belief and practice, even when arguably pitted against core concerns about public health... 2021  
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